The external genitalia of boys is the part of the body with more morbidity in infants and children, which needs to be brought to the attention of parents. 1. Hernia Hernia, scientifically known as “inguinal hernia”, manifests as a mass above the scrotum, which appears when the child moves vigorously, cries or defecates, and disappears when it is quiet. In case of aggravation, the mass may enter the scrotum. The disease can affect the child’s movement and digestion. The most serious complication is “entrapment”, which means that the contents of the hernia become stuck and can lead to necrosis of the intestines and testicles, and requires prompt medical attention. The only proper treatment for hernia is surgery. Syringomyelia is an ovoid mass in the scrotum or above the scrotum, similar to a hernia, but with clear borders and generally without the “increased abdominal pressure that disappears when quiet” of a hernia. This disease can be observed until one year old, and if it cannot heal itself at one year old, then it needs to be treated surgically. 3.Cryptorchidism Cryptorchidism means that the testicles have not descended into the scrotum, mainly manifested by poor scrotal development, and the testicles cannot be touched inside the scrotum. If parents find that their children have atrophied scrotum on one side or both sides and cannot touch the testicles, they need to go to pediatric surgery for clear diagnosis and timely treatment. Cryptorchidism needs to finish the treatment within 1 year old and place the testicles into the scrotum, otherwise it will affect the development of the testicles. 4.Circumcision The foreskin completely wraps the glans and cannot be turned up to reveal the glans is circumcision. Prepuce is divided into physiological prepuce and pathological prepuce. Children with pathological prepuce must undergo circumcision, and those with frequent glans prepuce also need surgery. 5.Urethral hypospadias is a congenital developmental malformation of the penile body. The main manifestations are: 1. Ectopic urethral orifice. The urethral orifice can appear anywhere from the proximal end of the normal urethra to the perineal urethra. 2, penile hypospadias. That is, the penis bends ventrally, the urine line goes down when urinating, and it is easy to wet pants. 3, abnormal distribution of foreskin. The foreskin on the ventral side of the head of the penis is V-shaped defective because it fails to fuse in the midline, the foreskin tether is absent, all the foreskin is turned to the dorsal side of the head of the penis in a cap-like accumulation, and the head of the penis is exposed. Hypospadias requires surgery to correct the deformity, usually after 6 months.