Non-specific symptoms: Most of the kidney diseases have insidious onset, and early onset may include weakness, fatigue, back pain, and loss of appetite. These symptoms are usually caused by the presence of proteinuria and hematuria in kidney disease, which leads to malnutrition of the body, such as different degrees of anemia, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, etc. Edema: Most patients with kidney disease have varying degrees of edema. In mild cases, only the face, eyelids and loose tissues show edema; in severe cases, it spreads over the whole body and may have pleural fluid and ascites, and a few patients may always have no edema. The cause of edema is caused by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate, resulting in water and sodium retention in the body or hypoproteinemia, which leads to fluid entering the tissue interstitial space. The condition can be aggravated by eating overly salty food, overexertion, and upper respiratory tract infection. Hypertension: Most patients with kidney disease can develop hypertension, usually moderately increased, with systolic blood pressure in the range of 150-180 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure in the range of 90-120 mm Hg, often following renal lesions. It mostly manifests as headache, head swelling, insomnia, memory loss, and fundoscopic examination reveals fundus hemorrhage, oozing blood, and optic papillary edema. Some patients have hypertension as the first manifestation, while others are asymptomatic and only find increased blood pressure during physical examination; there are also a few patients who do not show elevated blood pressure. Long-term uncontrolled hypertension can lead to hypertensive kidney damage, and kidney disease with hypertension can aggravate the kidney condition. Urine abnormalities: Patients with kidney disease may have urine abnormalities, such as red or tea-colored urine, light urine, increased frequency and volume of nocturnal urine, etc. Urine examination may reveal urine protein with varying levels, and the 24-hour urine protein quantification is usually 1 to 3 grams, while some patients show massive proteinuria (>3.5 grams/24 hours), which is clinically manifested as nephrotic syndrome. Granular tubular and clear tubular patterns are often seen in the urine sediment, which may be accompanied by naked eye or microscopic hematuria. In addition, urine specific gravity and urine osmolality may also have abnormal changes. Anemia: In the early stages of chronic nephritis, when edema is evident, mild anemia may be associated with hemodilution, while in the late stages, when the kidney units are severely damaged and erythropoietin is reduced, moderate to severe renal anemia may occur, manifesting weakness, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Nausea and vomiting: Many patients present with nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite and other discomforts to the gastroenterology department, which can be easily misdiagnosed. At this time should think of the possibility of kidney disease, especially the taste of ammonia in the mouth is likely to be kidney failure, should be further examined to confirm the diagnosis, so as not to delay the disease. Itchy skin: end-stage renal failure will appear itchy skin symptoms, should check the kidney function to clarify the condition, should not be careless. The kidney function damage: The kidney function damage of chronic nephritis is mainly manifested by the decrease of glomerular filtration rate, followed by tubular insufficiency, such as urinary concentration function is reduced, all need to go to the hospital to do some special tests to find, such as endogenous creatinine clearance, urinary concentration dilution test, etc. By the late stage of chronic nephritis, the number of damaged kidney units increases, and at this time, under stressful conditions such as trauma, bleeding, major surgery, infection, and drug damage, patients can develop uremia.