Cerebellar atrophy is an abnormal phenomenon in 50-year-old patients. Cerebellar atrophy occurs in the elderly, and patients may exhibit unsteadiness, abnormal gait, and unclear pronunciation. The natural aging disease may cause cerebellar atrophy, but 50 years old is a relatively young group of people. The cause of microcephaly may be hereditary, degenerative disease, or alcoholic brain atrophy due to long-term alcohol consumption, but either of these causes requires timely intervention. Predisposing factors that lead to microcephaly include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and alcohol, so patients should be actively controlled for predisposing factors in their daily lives. Because there is no effective treatment for microcephaly, interventions are mainly aimed at controllable factors to slow down the progression of the disease in patients. If a patient has ataxia due to microcephaly, he or she can be given oral buspirone to improve the symptoms.