Psychotherapy is influenced by different schools of theory, with different approaches and adapted to different audiences. The appropriate choice of a psychotherapy treatment often affects its effectiveness.
In a broad sense, psychotherapy is not only widely used in psychiatric clinics, but also plays an important role in other departments of general hospitals and preventive medicine, and can even be applied to normal people in general. For example, if a person lives in society and needs to interact with people around him or her, if he or she participates in group psychotherapy training classes, he or she can discuss with each other, train how to get along with people, improve the ability to interact, and help to adapt to social life. In a narrow sense, any mental illness and psychosomatic disease can be treated with psychotherapy as a primary and secondary means. Since multiple psychotherapeutic approaches can be used for one illness, for example, anxiety disorders can be treated with both supportive and behavioral therapies, and one psychotherapeutic approach can treat multiple illnesses. Therefore, we must also choose the best psychotherapy method according to the conditions of different psychological disorders and treatment subjects. It is generally accepted that the range of common psychotherapy is adapted as follows.
(1) Various adaptive psychological disorders caused by psychosocial stimuli
Such as a person fails to deal with interpersonal relationships and other reasons, and manifested as a state of mind unhappy, self-blame, low self-esteem, pessimism and disappointment, often need psychotherapy, such as supportive psychotherapy and environmental placement, etc. Psychotherapy can also be used when suffering from sudden life events that stimulate the performance of acute psychological disorders.
(2) Psychological problems in clinical departments of general hospitals
Internal medicine patients suffering from somatic diseases without the desire to seek treatment or confidence in cure, or even see their diseases as excessively serious, or the psychological reactions of patients with somatic diseases, etc. need to use individual psychotherapy to help patients understand the nature of the disease and other relevant factors through methods such as comfort, support, consolation, reassurance, diversion and environmental adjustment, and mobilize the patient’s initiative to overcome the disease.
(3) Psychosomatic diseases
Common psychosomatic diseases such as coronary heart disease, primary hypertension, heart rhythm disorders, bronchial asthma, peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, psychogenic obesity and migraine, Raynaud’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis, etc. can be treated with relaxation therapy.
(4) Neurological disorders
① neurosis requires comprehensive treatment such as supportive therapy, physical activity, physical work and qigong training.
② Hysteria’ is mainly based on suggestion therapy, and psychoanalytic treatment is also available for conversion-type hysteria. Hypnotherapy for dysthymia is an example of suggestion therapy.
③OCD and phobia are mainly treated by behavioral therapy, because OCD and phobia are considered to be maladaptive behaviors learned in life, and the pathological symptoms and behaviors must be reduced and eliminated through special and correct learning methods, and the pathological behaviors replaced by new and conforming behavior modification. Relaxation training, systematic desensitization, biofeedback and qigong training are often used.
④ For anxiety disorders, the first step is to help the patient eliminate all the mental burdens and fears arising from acute anxiety attacks, and use supportive therapy in conjunction with the nature and causes of the condition. In combination with cross-inhibition and relaxation gong, anxiety reactions can be better suppressed.
(5) For depressive neurosis and hypochondria, supportive therapy is the main method, such as encouragement, counseling, reassurance or suggestion.
(5) Depression, recent studies have found that psychosocial stress and cognitive distortion play an important role in the occurrence of depression, and the use of cognitive therapy has certain efficacy.
(6) Psychotherapy during the recovery period of schizophrenia is also important to help patients improve their understanding of the disease, promote the recovery of self-knowledge, and consolidate the therapeutic effect to prevent relapse.
(7) Psychotherapy can also be used for pathological personalities to help them recognize where the defects of their personality lie and to provide guidance on ways to correct their behavior.
(8) Psychosexual disorders, impotence and premature ejaculation and other sexual dysfunctions can be treated with sex therapy including sex education, sexual concentration training, etc.
(9) Alcoholism and drug dependence can be treated with family therapy, aversion therapy and environmental modification.
(10) Other psychiatric problems such as behavioral problems in children, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, skills training for mental retardation.
(11) Other problems
1.Stuttering can be treated with behavioral therapy, but it is not suitable for those with long duration of illness.
2.Writing spasticity can be used for relaxation training and biofeedback.
3, neuromuscular diseases such as peripheral neuromuscular injury, spastic diagonal neck, cerebral palsy and stroke hemiplegia can use biofeedback therapy to train the patient to control the electromyographic activity to achieve regain random control of the paralyzed limb. Qigong training is also effective.
4, urine loss and fecal incontinence can also be trained with biofeedback therapy.
In addition, there are a lot of people who are looking for me to feel pain or affect other people’s life, work and study, etc. Self-regulation still exists and can come for consultation and evaluation.