In the 1970s, researchers found non-A, non-B hepatitis viruses in the blood of patients. 1989, Daniel Bradley et al. isolated non-A, non-B hepatitis viruses from chimpanzee serum, and in the same year, Michael Houghton et al. cloned the gene sequence of the virus; the first international conference on hepatitis C was held in Rome in December, and hepatitis C has been recognized since then. HCV infection is a global epidemic, spreading to all countries and regions of the world, and has a huge impact on human health, making it one of the most serious infectious diseases. Although the prevention and treatment of HCV infection has been started in recent years, the huge population of infected people has become the basis for the transmission of hepatitis C. HCV is most widely distributed by typing 1b in China (2a, 6) and 1a in North America. India type 1 and 3. The level of awareness of hepatitis C disease in China is still low, with only 1% of the public knowing about HCV transmission and prevention, and only 5% having been tested for HCV infection. Data suggest that hepatitis C is the infectious disease with the highest underreporting rate, with data originating from a total of 250 medical institutions in 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) in China, with 15501 cases sampled and 13714 valid samples, the results The results suggest that the underreporting rate is as high as 52%. According to the annual announcement of Chinese Ministry of Health, the number of clinically reported cases of HCV infection has been increasing year by year from 2003 to 2012, and the number of HCV infection cases has increased from 20,000 to 200,000 in 10 years, which is nearly 10 times. According to the forecast, the rate of anti-HCV positivity in China will peak from 2000 to 2010, and from 2010 to 2020, the disease of this group of hepatitis C patients will progress due to the lack of diagnosis and treatment, and the serious liver lesions will bring a large consumption of medical resources. The situation of prevention and control of hepatitis C in China is very serious, with a large viral reservoir formed by previously HCV-infected patients, which is the basis for HCV transmission; and with such a large group of infected patients, spontaneous viral clearance is unlikely to occur, and more patients with end-stage liver disease will gradually emerge from previously HCV-infected patients as their disease progresses, bringing an extremely heavy disease burden. There is no prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine available. HCV is primarily transmitted via blood, including transfusions and blood products; through broken skin and mucous membranes; sexually; and from mother to child; the route of transmission for some HCV-infected individuals is unknown. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C includes interferon combined with ribavirin therapy, as well as the newly developed direct antiviral oral drug (DAA) therapy. DAA therapy currently shows excellent efficacy, with patients with chronic hepatitis C without cirrhosis receiving only 3 months of treatment with an efficacy of over 90%, and no cases of relapse have been observed, and slow hepatitis C is expected to become curable viral hepatitis.