Osteoarthritis and leukemia can be differentiated by blood routine, bone marrow aspiration and other tests. 1. Patients with leukemia may have bone and joint pain, which needs to be distinguished from osteoarthritis. When leukemia patients undergo bone marrow aspiration, primitive naïve cells can be seen in the bone marrow, while osteoarthritic diseases do not have primitive naïve cells. 2. In addition, the blood routine of leukemia patients is often abnormal, such as abnormal increase of white blood cells, anemia, thrombocytopenia, while the blood routine of patients with osteoarthritic diseases is often normal, which can also be used for differential diagnosis. As a matter of fact, it is rare for leukemia patients to develop bone and joint pain in clinical practice, and they tend to consult with infection, anemia, and bleeding as clinical manifestations. Specific differential diagnosis should be carried out under the guidance of physicians.