Kidney aging
The World Health Organization stipulates that 65 years of age or older as old age, China in April 1982 the Chinese Medical Association Geriatrics Society in Beijing after a study of the Standing Committee decided that 60 years of age or older as the standard of old age in China, according to the age grouping of China’s census statistics and traditional customs, the human age division standards are infancy (childhood): 0-14 years, youth (adolescence): 15-24 years, middle age (middle (prime age): 25-44 years old, pre-geriatric (early old age): 45-59 years old, and old age (old age): 60 years old and above. The longevity period (long-lived elderly) is defined as 92 years old and above. The old life span (centenarian) is 100 years and above. 1975 WHO survey, the average human life expectancy is over 70 years for men and 75 years for women, the new WHO regulations propose 18-44 years for young people, 45-59 years for middle-aged people, 60-74 years for young old people, 75-89 years for old people, and 90 years and above for long-lived people.
Aging and senescence cannot be equated, the elderly mostly have aging, but aging may not be limited to the elderly, old age is an age stage of the organism’s life activities, and the organism that enters this stage is the elderly organism. Aging is a dynamic process, as far as the whole organism is concerned, different organs age at different rates, and it is impossible to define an age as the starting point of organ aging. There are different definitions of aging: some people think that aging is the loss of information and the decrease of free ability, while others think that aging is the end stage of aging of the organism, that is, the end or result of aging.
Characteristics of aging.
①Cumulative: that is, aging is not caused overnight, but is the result of long-term accumulation of some mild or minute changes, which is irreversible once manifested.
②Universality: aging is a phenomenon that can be manifested by the same kind of organisms in roughly the same time range, and almost all organisms have an aging process.
③Progressivity: Aging is a continuous and progressive evolutionary process.
④Intrinsic: Aging originates from the inherent characteristics of organisms (such as heredity) and is not caused by the environment, but the influence of the environment is not excluded.
⑤Harmfulness: The aging process is generally detrimental to survival, causing a decline in function or even loss, and the organism becomes increasingly susceptible to diseases and eventually death.
Aging can be divided into physiological aging and pathological aging, the former refers to a progressive decline in the morphology and function of the human body after growth and development from birth to maturity, which is a process inevitably experienced by human beings, while the latter is based on physiological changes and accelerates the aging process due to diseases, which can be seen that the two coexist and affect each other.
There are two main indicators to measure human life span, one is the average life span or life expectancy. The second is the maximum life span or longevity. That is, the maximum age at which a person may live genetically without interference from external factors. Average life expectancy: the average life expectancy of our population was not clearly recorded in the early days, the average life expectancy of human was only 15 years in the era of knotted rope in 10,000 BC; about 20 years in the second millennium; increased to 30 years in the 18th century; the average life expectancy of human stayed at about 40 years at the end of the 19th century; before 1949, the average life expectancy of our population was about 35 years; increased to 57 years in 1957, with an average annual increase of 2.8 years; in 1963, the average life expectancy was 61.7 years, with an average annual increase of 0.78 years; in 1982, the average life expectancy was 68.2 years, with an average annual increase of 0.34 years; in 1995, the average life expectancy in China was 72.4 years in urban areas, 69.1 years in rural areas, and 68.9 years in 1991, with the average life expectancy in the middle of the countries in the world.
Maximum life span: the length of life span is determined by genetics, which is expressed as the species specificity of life span. The maximum lifespan of different species of animals varies greatly, with short lifespans of only a few hours, such as the life span of tetrahymena only 4 hours, and long lifespans such as sea turtles up to 175 years.
Measurement methods.
By sexual maturity: maximum life span (y) = sexual maturity (years) × 8-10.
Calculation by growth period: The maximum life span of a mammal is about 5-7 times of its growth period.
Maximum lifespan (y) = growing period (years) × 5-7.
Calculated by the number of diploid cell divisions: the number of diploid cell transmissions in in vitro culture varies in different species, and there is an intrinsic relationship between the number of transmissions and their lifespan.
The maximum lifespan of a human is 110-150 years if we calculate by the sexual maturity period of 14-15 years, multiplied by 8-10 times, and the maximum lifespan of a human is 110-175 years if we calculate by the growth period of 20-25 years, multiplied by 5-7 times. The maximum life span of human should be 120 years, based on the doctrine of the limit of cell division, which projects the number of generations of human diploid cells to be 50.
Factors related to life span.
Congenital factors
Acquired factors: environmental factors, nutritional factors, social factors, disease factors, psychological factors, bad habits, physical activity factors, self-care and aging.
Kidney Qi deficiency: Kidney plays an important role in the physiological processes of growth and development and aging of the human body. The life process of the human body grows with the vigor of kidney Qi and then ages with the weakening of kidney Qi, reflecting that kidney Qi has a close relationship with the growth and development of the organism and aging. Later medical practitioners: Yuan Zhu Danxi emphasized that the deficiency of kidney yin and the delusional movement of deficiency fire are the most likely causes of decline. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Jinyue believed that the kidneys store essence and rely on the vital gate, and the fire of the vital gate is called vital energy and the water of the vital gate is called vital essence, fully affirming the role of the kidneys in life activities. The root of the lower jiao is already deficient in old age.
The kidney is the root of the innate nature, the main reservoir of essence, the source of fertility, the main bone and marrow, open to the ear, and the division of the two yin. With sufficient kidney energy, the body is energetic, the kidneys are firm and solid, the ears are clear and the eyes are bright, and the bowels are smoothly regulated, thus maintaining the normal physiological activities of the body. On the contrary, after the age of five or eight, the kidney energy is deficient, the fatal body is tired of lying down, the bones are loose, the teeth are off and shaking, the ears are ringing and the eyes are blurred, the urine is leaking and not smooth, and other Zhi Zhi is obvious.
The kidney is the essence of the innate, so aging and physical strength and the innate essence of the kidney failure, the innate essence of the parents, that is, the mother as the base, the father as , to nurture new life. Essence and kidney failure determines the longevity of a person, that is, ” the form and body of qi and blood, has been different from the upper life, then its longevity and exhaustion, inherent in the cause, this innate endowment by this also ” Jing Yue Quan Shu ” ” endowment of qi then body strong, thin qi is weak, weak body is short life, short life is sickly, short life ” on Heng. And the kidneys collect essence, the basis for the kidneys and heredity. The innate endowment is strong, the kidney must be natural, the endowment is weak, the kidney is more weak, often resulting in the body before the age of decline.
Clinical research shows that as we age, the rate of kidney deficiency gradually increases, and kidney deficiency is more common in the elderly, which shows that kidney deficiency is one of the main causes of aging.
Kidney deficiency and immunity: disorders of humoral immunity, increased autoantibodies and decreased cellular immune function.
Kidney deficiency and hypothalamus-pituitary-target gland: dysfunction, morphological changes, and imbalance between nerve cells in the lower and upper brain.
Kidney deficiency and free radicals
Kidney deficiency and DNA and other Decreased DNA repair capacity and synthesis
Foods that are hot: mutton, beef, dog, chicken, pork, shrimp, crab, carp, yellowtail, scallops, chili, pepper, pepper, ginger, pumpkin.
Warm: tortoise, carp, cuttlefish, squid, buttermilk, pork ribs, brown and white sugar, peanut oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, soybeans, broad beans, potatoes, japonica rice, glutinous rice, wheat flour, lentils, cut beans, red dates, shiitake mushrooms, astragalus, asparagus, green onions, garlic, mustard, leeks, sweet potatoes, lychees, cinnamon, mandarin, orange, tangerine, apple.
Plain: pork, pork liver, egg, white fungus, lily, adzuki beans, peas, radish, lotus seed, lotus root, yam, spinach, carrot, tomato, cabbage, bean curd, gourd.
Of a cool nature: duck eggs, honey, kelp, green beans, winter melon, watermelon, bitter melon, loofah, cucumber, lettuce, amaranth, bamboo shoots, black fungus, bananas, persimmons, pears, tofu.
A few points of meals for the elderly: less quantity, better quality, more vegetables, lighter dishes, more variety, more fragrant meals, rotten meals, hotter diet, thinner meals, slower eating, better breakfast, earlier dinner.
The winter months are very cold and closed, it is advisable to drive the cold and heat, lungs and kidneys, the kidneys get their nourishment to produce liver wood, then winter is spring hair should be four times, this is the essence of health: winter onions, mustard, radish, carrot, papaya, lamb, bird meat, lily, chestnuts, lotus seeds, wolfberry, persimmon, jujube, longan, glutinous rice, kun fish, corn, white lentils, black beans, walnut meat.
Kidney Yin deficiency: seminal emission, forgetfulness, hair loss, soreness and weakness of the waist and knees, fever, night sweats, tinnitus, red and thin tongue with little coating, thin ulnar pulse. Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata, Cordyceps Sinensis, Tortoise Plate, Turtle Shell, Radix et Rhizoma Polygonati, Rhizoma Polygonati, Rhizoma Polygonati.
Kidney Yang deficiency: cold and painful weakness of the waist, impotence and fear of cold, more whistling and less inhalation, swelling below the waist, short urine, white slippery coating and pale and fatty tongue, weak pulse, especially the ulnar pulse is obvious. Deer antler, dog whip, lockjaw, bacopa monniera, saxifrage, eucommia, sequestra, bone marrow.
The famous medical doctors in our history, because they know how to maintain health, many can enjoy a high life, such as Ge Hong 81 years old, Tao Hongjing 85 years old, Sun Simiao more than 100 years old, Wang Bing lived to 94 years old, Qian B 82 years old, Zhu Danxi 78 years old, Zhang Jinyue 77 years old, Ye Tian Shi 79 years old, Wu Jutong 84 years old.
The kidney occupies an important position in the human body, it not only stores the body’s original material DD reproductive essence (also known as the innate essence, the second essence endowed in the parents, is a physical genetic factor, and thus reproduce the next generation, so that the kidney is the main innate), but also stores the essence of the five viscera and six bowels (including the essence of the latter water and grain, to support and promote the normal activities of the body), so the kidney is the innate essence and the root of life, which can be seen its importance to the human body. “The kidney is a strong official, skills out of the” shows that the kidney and the overall strength and wisdom, has a profound impact.
The vital gate is a functional role of the kidney and belongs to the sphere of the kidney, “the vital gate is the master of the two kidneys, and both kidneys belong to the vital gate”.