The sex hormone test plays a screening role for precocious puberty in children. The six sex hormones include follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and testosterone (T), which can be used to determine the presence of precocious puberty. The follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone: 1. Central (true) precocious puberty: it often shows an increase in gonadotropin secretion, among which luteinizing hormone is elevated, which is considered to be a central cause, when the luteinizing hormone level is usually higher than 3.0-5.0 IU/L; 2. Peripheral (pseudo) precocious puberty: low follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels are mostly considered to be a peripheral cause 2. Estradiol: Estradiol levels higher than 10 pg/ml are considered as a marker of puberty initiation. Estradiol levels higher than 75 pg/ml can be used as one of the auxiliary tests for the diagnosis of precocious puberty. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues are the commonly used treatment methods, mainly for central precocious puberty, to slow down the growth and development of children and help them grow up healthily; in case of peripheral precocious puberty, treatment of primary diseases of gonads, adrenal glands and other secretory glands is required. In the process of growing up, children with precocious puberty may have low self-esteem and fear because of their different physical characteristics from their peers, so parents need to help them adjust their mentality in time and perform psychological intervention if necessary to create a harmonious and healthy state of mind.