Every year, November 14 is World Diabetes Day, and according to the survey, every 30 seconds a leg is amputated due to diabetic foot worldwide! The prevalence of diabetes in China is as high as 9.7%, and there are currently a conservative estimate of over 114 million diabetic patients in China, of which at least 40 million have diabetic foot complications, and a large number of patients have their legs amputated every year as a result. The diabetic foot is a complication that diabetics need to be highly alert to. Every winter is a high season for diabetic foot disease. According to statistics, most diabetic patients have foot ulcers before amputation, and the incidence of foot ulcers is about 4%-25% of diabetic patients. 50%-70% of diabetic patients have gangrene at the time of amputation, and 20%-50% of those with co-infection. According to the International Diabetes Federation, 70% of amputations occur in diabetic patients, and someone loses a leg to diabetes every 30 seconds worldwide. More unfortunately, 85% of amputations due to diabetes can be prevented and avoided. To avoid diabetic foot disease, it is important to first have an understanding of diabetic foot disease. Generally speaking, diabetic foot refers to infection, ulcer formation and/or necrosis of the lower extremity in diabetic patients due to combined neuropathy and various degrees of vascular disease. The diabetic foot is not a generalized concept, but is divided into three types. Each type has a different treatment plan for diabetic foot, and confusion can easily lead to delays and serious consequences. The first type is the neuropathic type. This type of foot disease is clinically manifested by numbness and loss of sensation in the foot. Diabetic neuropathy can involve sensory nerves, motor nerves and autonomic nerves, and sensory neuropathy is mostly a glove-like distribution of sensory abnormalities or even sensory loss, so that the patient’s sense of protection against temperature, pain, pressure, etc. is weakened or lost, and under the action of external factors such as burns, foreign bodies, trauma, etc., foot ulcers will occur in the foot without protection. The second type is the arterial ischemic type. This type of diabetic foot is extremely easy to be misdiagnosed and leads to the most serious consequences. Clinically, due to the long-term impact of high blood sugar in diabetic patients, the blood vessels of the lower limbs are hardened, the walls of the blood vessels are thickened, and the elasticity is reduced, so that blood vessels are prone to the formation of thrombi and collect into plaques, resulting in the occlusion of blood vessels in the lower limbs, thus causing tissue lesions in the lower limbs. The “foot” is the farthest from the heart, and the ischemia is the most serious, resulting in edema, blackening, decay, necrosis, and gangrene. The third type is mixed, i.e. neuropathy and arterial ischemia exist at the same time. So, how do you deal with the various types of diabetic foot in winter? The first type, the neuropathy type. You need to control your blood sugar under the guidance of an endocrinologist, and at the same time use the following preventive measures to prevent ulcer formation and infection for the neuropathy type 1.Check your feet, wash and dry your feet and then carefully trim your toenails with scissors and smooth the edges. 2, insist on soaking your feet in warm water every day, the temperature should be lower than 37 degrees. 3, feet with corns, calluses, do not deal with their own, must go to the hospital to find a doctor to deal with. 4, try to choose professional silver fiber (X-Static) no seams diabetic socks, breathable dehumidification, antibacterial foot protection. 5.With cold winter weather, many patients use hot water bags or hot water bottles to warm their feet, which can easily cause burns due to dull sensation of the feet. 6.Adhere to wearing customized diabetic shoes and diabetic insoles. 7.Keep the shoes dry and actively prevent foot odor. 8.For dry skin, you should use lubricant or skin care ointment, but not between the toes. The second and three types of diabetic foot (i.e. diabetic foot with arterial ischemia condition) are treated well early. A simple way to initially determine the presence of arterial vascular occlusion is by examination of the dorsal foot pulse. In many patients, the early manifestation is a sore calf after walking a certain distance and having to stop and rest, and then walking the same distance for a few minutes before the symptoms return, clinically known as “intermittent claudication”. For patients who have developed diabetic foot, all therapeutic drugs, oral or intravenous, are ultimately delivered to the lesion through arterial blood and take effect. If there is vascular occlusion or stenosis, the medication cannot reach the lesion and work, and the treatment will be ineffective or poor. Therefore, another key to the treatment of diabetic foot is the use of vascular surgery to unblock the diseased blood vessels. Diabetes is second only to cancer in modern diseases, especially amputation caused by improper protection of diabetic foot has become the first non-traumatic factor, FDA recommends diabetic shoes (insoles) + diabetic socks, which can effectively reduce foot amputation rate up to 85% or more.