Eating nuts has been associated with a reduced risk of death, but previous studies have been conducted primarily in populations of European ancestry, particularly those with high socioeconomic status.A large cohort study published online March 2 in JAMA Intern Med assessed these associations in African Americans and Europeans and Chinese with low socioeconomic status. and Europeans, as well as Chinese, who have low socioeconomic status. The results showed that nut intake was associated with lower total and cardiovascular disease mortality in ethnically diverse populations with low socioeconomic status. Consumption of nuts, especially peanuts, is recognized as an economical and effective way to improve cardiovascular health in the general population. If you think the nuts available in the market are too expensive, then consider eating some peanuts! The study included 71,764 African American residents and people of European ancestry with low socioeconomic status from the U.S. SCCS study, and two additional cohorts of 134,265 subjects from the Shanghai Women’s Health Study (SWHS) and the Men’s Health Study (SMHS) in China. Nut intake in the SCCS and SMHS/SWHS studies was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, with approximately half of the subjects in the SCCS study consuming peanuts and only peanuts in the SMHS/SWHS study. Deaths in the SCCS study were determined from the National Death Index and Social Security Administration death files, and deaths in the SWHS/SMHS study were determined from the Shanghai Demographic Register and biennial home visits. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the Cox proportional risk model. The results showed that the median follow-up times for the SCCS, SMHS and SWHS studies were 5.4, 6.5 and 12.2 years, respectively, during which a total of 14,440 deaths were recognized. More than half of the women in the SCCS study had a history of smoking, compared with 2.8% of subjects in the SWHS study, and the proportion of men with a history of smoking was 69.6% and 77.1% in the SMHS and SCCS studies, respectively. However, the risk of total mortality was negatively associated with nut intake in the 3 cohorts, with a corrected HR associated with the highest and lowest quartiles of nut intake of 0.79 and 0.83 in the US and Shanghai cohorts, respectively. This negative association was mainly due to cardiovascular disease mortality (P trend <0< span=""> .05 for the US cohort and <0.001 for the Shanghai cohort)< span="">. Assessment of cardiovascular disease type revealed that ischemic heart disease was particularly pronounced among all races (HR=0.62 for blacks, HR=0.60 for whites, and HR=0.70 for Asians). This correlation between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke (HR both 0.77) was significant only among Asians. In blacks, whites, and Asians, the association between nuts and death was similar across gender populations and was not modified by the metabolic profile of the subjects at study entry.