Psycho-educational and behavioral interventions: explain cognitive psychotherapy (correct misconceptions – about insomnia and sleep medications; look for causes – internal and external) 1. Maintain a regular work and rest regime, such as doing relaxation activities in the evening, going to bed and getting up regularly, despite poor sleep at night, still get up on time in the morning. Physical exercise during the day helps sleep, but exercise in the evening can aggravate insomnia. If you cannot fall asleep after 20 minutes in bed, you should get up and go back to sleep when you want to. Patients should be made to understand that temporary sleep disturbances caused by stress or somatic diseases are common and need not be overly worried. Improving sleep habits is more effective than applying sedative-hypnotics. Alcohol consumption, although it can help to fall asleep, can cause sleep instability and early awakening. Stimulants (including coffee and tea) can cause or aggravate insomnia, so you should avoid drinking coffee and alcohol before bedtime. 2. Use stimulation control method. Many insomnia patients have a fear of sleep, when the night comes to think hard about how to sleep as soon as possible, while the fear of insomnia, resulting in internal conflict, thus forming a vicious circle. One way to break this vicious cycle is to let nature take its course and adopt the attitude of sleeping as much as you can, allowing the natural onset of sleep called stimulus control therapy. For example, tell the patient to go to bed only when he or she wants to sleep, and not to read, watch TV, eat or work before going to bed. If you can’t fall asleep after about 20 minutes in bed, you should get out of bed and go to another room, read a book in dim light and avoid watching TV, and return to bed only when you want to sleep, with the aim of re-establishing the relationship between the bedroom and sleep. Regardless of how you sleep at night, you should get up at a fixed time in the morning so that you can fix your sleep-wake rhythm (time control) and improve your sleep efficiency (time in bed is actually spent sleeping). Finally, minimize or avoid napping or napping during the day. 3. Stimulus control therapy should be combined with sleep restriction therapy, i.e., reducing the amount of time spent in bed while awake until the amount of time allowed to lie in bed is as long as the amount of effective sleep expected to be maintained. You should get up at a fixed time the next day to ensure that at least 85% of the time in bed is spent sleeping. 4. During the visit, the patient should be introduced to stimulus control methods, time control methods and sleep restriction therapy, such as diet, exercise, medication use and the effects of environmental factors (e.g., light, sound and temperature) on sleep. Special approaches include relaxation therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy focuses on poor cognitive styles that contribute to insomnia.