There are about 493,000 new cases of cervical cancer and more than 270,000 deaths from cervical cancer worldwide every year. The number of cervical cancer cases in developing countries accounts for more than 80% of all cases worldwide, and cervical cancer has become one of the most common malignant tumors of the female reproductive system, seriously threatening the lives of women. It is now clear that persistent infection with high-risk subtypes of HPV is necessary for the development of cervical cancer. Epidemiological and clinical studies have found that HPV DNA can be detected in nearly 100% of certain cervical invasive cancers, so it can be assumed that without HPV, there is no cervical cancer. Numerous studies have also confirmed that the occurrence of cervical precancerous lesions is also closely related to persistent infection with high-risk HPV types. The detection rate of HPV DNA in high-grade precancerous lesions (CIN2-CIN3) is 80-90%, and in CIN1 it is 30-50%. Persistent high-risk HPV infection predisposes to the development of cervical cancer, but it does not mean that if you are infected with HPV, you will definitely develop cervical cancer. Asymptomatic HPV infection can be detected in 10-20% of sexually active women of childbearing age, and the majority of women with HPV infection have transient or intermittent infection. Within 1-2 years, the HPV virus is cleared or suppressed by normal self-cell-mediated immune function. Only 5-10% develop prolonged, persistent infection, which may be associated with the development of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. The longer the duration of high-risk HPV infection, the higher the risk of developing cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. About 2-3% of HPV infections eventually develop into cervical cancer. The development of cervical cancer is a continuous development process from quantitative to qualitative and gradual to mutation, and precursor lesions can exist for many years, usually about 8-10 years. In contrast, high-risk HPV infection usually lasts for 8-24 months to develop cervical precancerous lesions. Overall, women with persistent high-risk HPV infection are 200 times more likely to develop cervical cancer compared to women who are not infected. A study by the National Cancer Institute noted that approximately 10% of women infected with HPV types 16 and 18 develop high cervical precancer (CIN 3) within 3 years of infection, and 20% develop high cervical precancer within 10 years. In addition, a variety of other risk factors including early sexual activity, sexual promiscuity of spouses, multiple pregnancies and births, smoking, infection by various microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, chlamydia), poor nutrition and others play a synergistic role in the development of cervical cancer.