If HPV infection is left untreated for a long time, about 1% of patients may develop cancer in about ten years. HPV stands for human papillomavirus. 90% of cervical cancers are associated with high-risk HPV infection, but HPV infection does not necessarily lead to cancer. Only 2-3% of patients with high-risk HPV infection develop cancer of the cervical epithelium, which eventually progresses to cervical cancer. In general, persistent untreated HPV infection may lead to cervical precancerous lesions in 8-24 months and cancerous lesions several years to decades later. Because of its serious consequences, HPV infection should be actively treated once it is detected. Patients are advised to develop good living and eating habits and go to the hospital for HPV screening regularly to effectively prevent HPV infection and cervical cancer and other gynecological diseases for the benefit of women’s health.