Primary liver cancer (referred to as liver cancer) is one of the most common malignant tumors and ranks second in mortality rate of malignant tumors in China. Most hepatocellular carcinomas are caused by hepatitis B virus infection, and the peak age of onset is 40-50 years old. Hepatocellular carcinoma has a high degree of malignancy, rapid disease progression, and poor prognosis, and the survival period after diagnosis is only 3-6 months without treatment. Surgical resection is the only treatment that can cure liver cancer, but more than 80% of patients cannot be surgically resected at the time of diagnosis, and more than half of the cases that can be operated will recur within 2 years. For cases that cannot be surgically resected, transhepatic artery interventional chemotherapy (TACE) is more commonly used in China, although the efficacy of TACE remains doubtful and several large randomized clinical studies abroad have concluded that it does not necessarily prolong survival. Therefore, it is particularly important to use Chinese medicine with Chinese characteristics to control the progression of the disease, improve the quality of survival and prolong the survival period. -The basic understanding of Chinese medicine on the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma is stated in the “Ling Shu”: “A strong person has no accumulation, but a weak person has.” As stated in the chapter of “The Essential Readings of Medicine”, “The formation of accumulation is due to the deficiency of positive qi, and then the entrenchment of evil qi.” The formation of liver cancer is caused by internal deficiency of qi and blood in the internal organs and external invasion of evil toxins, which leads to liver depression, qi stagnation and blood stasis, and the interaction with evil toxins, and then the lumps are formed over time. “Deficiency, stasis and toxicity are the three key factors for the occurrence and development of liver cancer. The methods and mechanisms of Chinese medicine in the treatment of liver cancer insist on the idea of supporting the righteous and eliminating the evil, and combining disease identification, evidence identification and disease identification. According to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma, Chinese herbal medicines are used to strengthen the spleen and regulate qi (Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix Aromaticus, etc.), resolve blood stasis and disperse nodules (Radix et Rhizoma Trigonellae, Curcuma longa, Oyster, etc.), and clear heat and detoxify toxins (Rhizoma Rheum, Radix et Rhizoma Chrysanthemum, etc.). In addition, anti-cancer herbal injections, such as Qingkai Ling, Crow’s Nest Oil Milk and Anti-cancer New, can be used for treatment. Through the unremitting efforts of scientific researchers, the mechanism of action of TCM in the treatment of liver cancer has been initially elucidated: directly inhibiting the growth and proliferation of tumor cells; exerting anti-tumor effects by regulating the body’s “neuroendocrine immune network”; influencing material metabolism to inhibit tumor growth; inducing tumor cell differentiation and promoting apoptosis; preventing cancer cells from It can prevent cancer cells from adhering to and crossing the vascular endothelial cells and inhibit the formation of tumor neovascularization so as to resist metastasis. The evaluation of the efficacy of TCM in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma should not blindly copy the efficacy criteria of Western medicine for solid tumors, but should focus on the assessment of clinical benefit response and improvement of the body’s survival quality and evidence score. The strength of TCM lies in its holistic approach, which can achieve the purpose of treatment by “balancing yin and yang” and restoring the “internal homeostasis” of the body. Its efficacy is characterized by “longer-term survival with tumor”. Chinese herbal medicine can promote the recovery of liver function and reduce the chance of recurrence and metastasis after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Chinese medicine can reduce the symptoms of post-interventional syndrome caused by interventional treatment. Some scholars have also conducted studies on the use of Chinese medicine injections for interventional treatment, and the preliminary efficacy observations are encouraging. In addition, TCM can also be used for the treatment of liver cancer complications, such as: reducing and controlling cancer ascites, alleviating cancer pain, preventing episodic bleeding, and improving cancer cachexia. It has been proved that the combination of Chinese and Western medicine and complementary systemic treatment can significantly improve the efficacy of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment and prolong the survival of patients. In principle, surgery is preferred for stage I liver cancer, followed by radiotherapy, local injection and long-term Chinese medicine to prevent recurrence and metastasis. For stage II liver cancer, surgical resection, interventional therapy, radiotherapy and local injection of drugs should be decided on a case-by-case basis, while Chinese medicine should be given to slow down the progress of the disease. The significance of surgical resection, interventional therapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy for stage III hepatocellular carcinoma is relatively limited, and Chinese medicine treatment and supportive therapy occupy an important position. Traditional Chinese medicine traditionally emphasizes “treating the disease before it occurs”, which can prevent or prolong the process of hepatitis virus integration into host cells and induce carcinogenesis, reverse or stop liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, stabilize or shrink large nodules, and thus prevent or delay the occurrence of carcinogenesis.