Cranial defects are common sequelae after cranial trauma and cranial surgery. Brain tissue is easily injured by losing the barrier role of normal skull, and cranial defects can cause various symptoms and affect the aesthetics, so cranial repair and shaping is often needed. Health education and guidance before neurosurgery 1. skin preparation (head skin preparation and perineal skin preparation), ask female patients whether they are menstruating. 2.Blood pooling, penicillin skin test and anesthetic skin test. 3.Fast food and water in the morning of surgery. 4.Take vital signs in the morning of surgery. 5.Prepare clean hospital gown and ask the patient to put on the gown and wait for surgery in the morning. 6.Insist the patient’s family to send the items needed by the patient to the monitoring ward within the specified time after surgery. 7.Instruct the patient to contact the use of urinal. 8.The best patient’s psychological care, eliminate the patient’s fear of surgery and anxiety, enhance the confidence of treatment, and require close cooperation with medical staff in the treatment process, for early recovery. 9.Safety: Bone window site often occurs expansion and collapse, you should wear a loose and tight cap to protect the brain tissue, and someone to accompany and take care of when you go out to avoid re-injury to the defective parts. 10.Activities: Avoid straining at ordinary times, and the intensity and speed of activities should not be too high to avoid displacement of brain tissue. 11.Lying position: It is advisable to adopt a healthy lying position to prevent the brain tissue from being compressed. Postoperative health education and guidance 1. Elevate the head of the bed by 30 degrees, so that the patient is in a head-high and foot-low position to facilitate venous reflux and reduce cerebral edema. 2. Pay attention to keep the drainage tube unobstructed and prevent dislodgement, distortion and pressure when turning. 3.If there is headache, vomiting, consciousness turns from awake to hazy or coma, it indicates the change of condition and should be reported immediately. 4.Pay attention to keep the head dressing dry and clean, prevent wound infection, if you find the dressing loose and oozing, you should report to the doctor and change the dressing in time. 5.Protect the head well. 6.Ensure sufficient sleep and avoid overuse of the brain.