With the progress of modern civilized society, people pay more and more attention to personal health, so an annual health checkup has become the main means for people to understand their health status, and many units even take the health checkup as a welfare nature of organized health checkups for working or retired employees. Cysts are one of the most common diseases that can be found during health checkups, especially liver and kidney cysts are the most common and common. So, how do liver and kidney cysts form? What are the dangers of it? How to deal with liver and kidney cysts? 1. Classification and etiology of liver and kidney cysts: (1) Liver cysts can generally be divided into parasitic cysts and non-parasitic cysts. The former is caused by parasites, such as encapsulated cysticercosis (mainly liver encapsulated cysticercosis) in pastoral areas; however, common liver cysts are referred to non-parasitic cysts. Non-parasitic cysts can be subdivided into congenital liver cysts and acquired liver cysts. Most of the liver cysts found clinically are congenital, either only one or multiple, also called congenital polycystic liver, mostly without bile, often accompanied by polycystic kidney or other organs. Acquired cysts are the following: (1) hematoma and degenerative cysts; (2) lymphatic cysts; (3) retention cysts due to bile duct obstruction; and (4) cystic adenomas. Among them, retention cysts are the most common and may occur due to inflammation, edema, scarring, and trauma and puncture. (2) Renal cysts (alias: simple renal cysts, isolated renal cysts) Whether simple renal cysts are congenital or acquired is not known. Its origin may be similar to that of polycystic kidney, only to a different extent. On the other hand, by causing renal tubular obstruction and local ischemia, animals can develop simple renal cysts. This in turn suggests that this lesion can also be acquired. As the cyst increases in size, its compression can damage the renal parenchyma, but not to the extent that renal function is impaired. An isolated cyst can occur at the site of compression right into the ureter, thus causing progressive hydronephrosis, which can be followed by complications of infection. 2. What are the clinical manifestations of hepatic and renal cysts? (1) Most of the liver cysts are slow growing, asymptomatic and not palpable, and will only be detected during ultrasound, CT examination or isotope liver scan. In individual cases, acute abdominal pain may occur when the cyst bleeds internally, ruptures, becomes infected, or if the cyst with a tip is twisted. The pain is mostly in the upper abdomen or right rib cage, sometimes radiating to the shoulder, back or chest. (2) The main clinical manifestations of renal cysts are: ① discomfort or pain in the lower back and abdomen: the pain is characterized by vague or dull pain, fixed on one or both sides, radiating to the lower part and lower back; ② hematuria: it can be manifested as microscopic hematuria or carnal hematuria; ③ abdominal mass: it is sometimes the main reason for patients to visit the clinic, and 60-80% of the enlarged kidneys can be palpated. The larger the kidney is, the worse the kidney function is; ④ Proteinuria: generally the amount is not much, not more than 2 grams in 24 hours urine, so nephrotic syndrome will not occur; ⑤ Hypertension: the cyst compresses the kidney, causing renal ischemia, which increases renin secretion and causes hypertension. 3. What should be done after discovering liver and kidney cysts? A) When liver cysts are found in physical examination, blood should be taken to check AFP to exclude liver cancer. Most patients can be observed regularly for a period of time, and if there is no dynamic change, the diagnosis of liver cyst will be clearer and more reassuring. For liver cysts, except for those that are particularly huge or have serious comorbidities that require surgery or drainage treatment, most of them do not need to be treated. No Chinese medicine or western medicine can make the cyst disappear or shrink. B) What should be done after kidney cysts are found? After kidney cyst is found, ① urine examination: urine routine is normal, if the cyst presses the kidney parenchyma or combined with intracapsular infection, small amount of red blood cells and white blood cells may appear in urine. ②B ultrasound: it can understand the number, size and cyst wall of the cyst. It can also be distinguished from the renal parenchymal mass, and is the preferred examination method. When the cyst wall shows irregular echogenicity or limited echogenicity enhancement, it should be alerted to malignant changes; when secondary infection occurs, the cyst wall is thickened and there are small dotted echogenicity in the lesion area and echogenicity enhancement when there is bleeding in the cyst. When the imaging suggests multiple cysts, it should be distinguished from multifocal cysts and polycystic kidneys. ③Intravenous pyelogram (ivp) can show the degree of cyst compression of renal parenchyma and can be distinguished from hydronephrosis. ④CT examination is valuable for those who cannot be identified by ultrasound examination. When the cyst is accompanied with bleeding, infection and malignant change, it shows inhomogeneity and the CT value increases, and when CT shows the characteristics of cyst, cyst puncture can be unnecessary. 4, liver and kidney cyst disease patient’s life precautions: (1) liver and kidney cysts can be congenital, but also acquired, some alone, but also more than one, some are simple liver cysts, some liver and kidney cysts at the same time, generally speaking, liver and kidney cysts on human health is not as big as polycystic liver or polycystic kidney impact, the patient need not be nervous. (2) If there are multiple small cysts, sometimes more and sometimes less are found during ultrasound or CT examination, that is because of the limitation of the examination equipment or the different degree of care of the examiner, not surprisingly, one less does not mean good and one more does not mean bad. (3) Oversized liver and kidney cysts, which have compression symptoms on the liver or kidney itself or surrounding organs, or inflammation, do surgery to open the cysts to reduce the pressure, and ultrasound-guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration of acetic acid, polyglactin, anhydrous alcohol sclerotherapy is currently the best or preferred treatment, of course, the treatment also has a certain recurrence rate, but its recurrence rate is not higher than that of surgery or laparoscopic treatment The recurrence rate is not higher than that of surgery or laparoscopic treatment. (4) Ultrasound or CT diagnosis of liver and kidney cysts is very reliable, with a correct rate of more than 95%, and more tests are usually not necessary. (5) Those who have liver cyst and/or kidney cyst can work and exercise, and there is nothing to pay special attention in life. 5.Treatment methods of liver and kidney cysts: (1)Treatment of liver cysts Liver cysts belong to benign lesions of the liver, and traditional treatment methods are surgical excision or minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery, which are traumatic and slow to recover, and all of them also have a certain possibility of recurrence. In recent years, percutaneous treatment with high concentration of acetic acid or polyvinyl alcohol or anhydrous alcohol injection has become the most simple and easy method with positive efficacy. This method involves direct percutaneous puncture of the liver cyst under ultrasound guidance and local anesthesia, and the fluid inside the cyst is extracted and injected with acetic acid or polyvinyl alcohol or anhydrous alcohol, etc. The amount of acetic acid concentration and anhydrous alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol is adjusted according to the amount of cyst fluid. Using this method to treat single or multiple cysts in the liver, the recurrence rate is low, the number of injections is low, the impact on liver function is small, there are no obvious side effects, the patient is painless, and it is economically safe. (2) Treatment of renal cysts Ultrasound-guided puncture and drainage treatment of renal cysts is basically the same as the treatment of hepatic cysts. The difference is that before injecting acetic acid or polyglactin or anhydrous alcohol, the examination of the cyst night should be performed first to determine whether it is a cyst connected with the renal pelvis and calyces, and if it is connected, it is forbidden to inject any drug into the cystic cavity to prevent damage to the renal pelvis and ureter and cause chemical pyelonephritis and urinary tract infection. (3) Treatment of complications: In both hepatic and renal cysts, when the cyst is complicated by infection, antimicrobial therapy should be intensified, although Muther and Bennett 1980 found that the concentration of antimicrobial agents that could be reached in the cyst fluid was very low. As a result, percutaneous puncture drainage is often required. If percutaneous puncture and drainage fails, open or laparoscopic surgery to remove part of the cyst wall or all of the cyst wall has been shown to be effective. In the case of hydronephrosis, removal of the cyst wall causing obstruction can relieve ureteral obstruction. Pyelonephritis involving the kidney suggests the presence of urinary tract obstruction followed by ureteral drainage failure. Removal of the cyst naturally relieves urinary tract pressure thus making antimicrobial therapy more effective.