According to the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on male infertility, male factors account for about half of the infertility in the analysis of the etiology of infertility, among which, except for genetic factors, vas deferens obstruction, sexual dysfunction, varicocele and a few other factors, up to 30% to 40% of male infertility cannot be clarified through routine clinical and laboratory examinations, and are classified as idiopathic Male infertility is classified as idiopathic. What are the invisible killers that can cause male infertility? The following are some of the most common of these killers and their solutions. Killer 1: High temperature, hidden index 4 stars Killer index 5 stars The testicles located in the scrotum are at a suitable temperature of 35-36 degrees for a long time, the sperm production process is particularly sensitive to temperature, high temperature will lead to reduced sperm production, decreased vitality or even dead sperm, but also lead to morphological changes in the rate of malformation. Solution: Avoid hot springs, saunas, sedentary, and try to avoid fever during pregnancy preparation. Killer 2: Smoking and drinking, hidden index 3 stars Killer index 3 stars Research shows that nicotine in tobacco, can cause damage to the genetic material of somatic cells, and can also affect the development of spermatogenic cells through the blood-testis barrier, which can lead to increased sperm DNA chain breaks and increased sperm malformations. Nicotine concentration >1mmol/L can significantly reduce sperm motility, and heavy smoking can also cause constriction of penile arteries, altered testicular and epididymal hemodynamics, and affect spermatogenesis and maturation. Alcohol consumption has a direct effect on spermatozoa, and ethanol causes morphological changes in spermatozoa including head-end rupture, mid-segment expansion, and tail-end coiling. Low androgen and gonadotropin abnormalities due to alcohol consumption can lead to testicular atrophy, abnormalities in sperm initiation, differentiation, development and their number, morphology and function. Solution: Stop smoking and drinking Killer 3: Reproductive tract infections, hidden index 3 stars Killer 4 stars Reproductive system infections such as Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma solium and gonococcus can affect the secretion of the accessory gonads, destroy the sperm cell membrane and affect the normal morphology and vitality of sperm, Chlamydia trachomatis can also adhere to the sperm surface and prevent sperm from binding to the egg. The solution: avoid infections, go to public baths less often, and treat infections promptly Killer 4: mental factors, hidden index 4 stars Killer index 4 stars The process of sperm production is regulated by the endocrine axis of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads. Excessive mental stress can affect this axis, leading to abnormal hormone secretion in the body and thus affecting the production of sperm. We have seen patients who were unable to conceive due to excessive stress and then adopted a child and conceived again. Many plastic products contain estrogen-like substances such as bisphenol A. Many infertility patients have high estrogen levels, and the process of sperm production depends on a high concentration of testosterone, which can lead to a decrease in gonadotropin secretion. Some studies have shown a correlation between estrogen/testosterone ratio and sperm malformation rate. Solution: During pregnancy preparation, choose ingredients carefully, preferably natural and harmless Killer 6: Radiation, hidden index 4 stars Killer index 3 stars It has been confirmed that radiation affects human health, and women may suffer from spontaneous abortion under the influence of radiation environment, while sperm of men can be mutated, resulting in a decrease in sperm vitality, leading to male infertility. Solution: try to avoid exposure to radiation during pregnancy, avoid exposure to radioactive work, less use of computers, cell phones, microwave ovens Killer seven: chemical reagents, hidden index 4 stars Killer index 4 stars With the development of modern industry, life exposure to more and more chemical reagents, such as mercury, lead, cadmium, boron and other heavy metal substances, insecticides and vinyl chloride and other harmful gases have reproductive toxicity, these chemical agents on the human body These chemicals are very harmful to the human body, and if not effectively controlled, will cause global environmental pollution and affect the decline of male fertility. The solution: minimize exposure to such substances during pregnancy preparation Killer 8: nutritional imbalance, hidden index 5 stars Killer index 4 stars The development and maturation of sperm depends on complete and adequate nutritional support, if the lack of certain substances, even if the amount missing is small, can lead to reduced fertilization ability. Semen has been measured to contain more than 52 substances, including proteins, amino acids, enzymes, choline, prostaglandins, hormones, vitamins and trace elements. Among them, trace elements such as zinc and selenium are particularly important for the occurrence of sperm, and vitamins E, A and C have antioxidant effects that can improve the morphology of sperm. The solution: balanced nutrition, supplemental vitamins and zinc, selenium and other trace elements, eat more walnuts and other nuts (has been confirmed by foreign studies) Summary: because the process of sperm for about three months, all at least three months before the regular rest, reasonable diet, adjust the mindset, appropriate exercise, to develop good habits to avoid these invisible killers.