Gallstone disease is one of the common surgical diseases, and its incidence has been on the rise in recent years. The causes of gallstone formation are complex, and the current medical consensus risk factors for gallstone disease include: obesity, family history of high-fat diet, over forty years old, and female; poor dietary habits and female pregnancy are also high risk factors for gallstone disease. Q: Can gallstones be dissolved? So-called cholestone-dissolving drugs often do not work well as a treatment. There have been clinical trials in the United States in which drugs taken for ten years had no significant effect. Q: What are the conditions that require surgery? All symptomatic gallbladder stones require surgery. For so-called “quiescent” gallbladder stones without symptoms, if the stones are single, larger than 5 mm, and the cystic duct is not dilated, they can be followed up regularly. In elderly patients, women with underlying diseases or those who are preparing for childbirth, surgical treatment should be considered even if they are asymptomatic, because the risk of emergency surgery is higher in the first two cases when conservative treatment for acute attacks is ineffective, while in the latter case, if acute cholecystitis occurs during pregnancy, clinical treatment is greatly constrained due to fetal considerations. In addition, an atrophic gallbladder with or without stones is an absolute indication for surgery. Q: Won’t the body be missing an organ after gallbladder removal? The most important physiological function of the gallbladder is to concentrate bile, and the concentrated bile can fully emulsify fat and protein, which is more conducive to absorption in the small intestine. If we don’t have the gallbladder anymore, the most obvious effect is mild steatorrhea after eating in the early postoperative period, which disappears in most patients within 2 weeks through dietary guidance. It’s not that if we have gallbladder cut, we don’t have gallbladder Q: What will happen if we don’t have surgery? Acute and chronic cholecystitis, gallbladder perforation, acute cholangitis, acute biliary pancreatitis, and the most terrible thing is that it is closely related to gallbladder cancer. The proportion of gallbladder cancer combined with stones is 80% to 100%; gallbladder cancer occurs in 1.5% to 6.3% of patients with gallbladder stones; clinically, for every 100 gallbladders removed, one case of gallbladder cancer will be found; the larger the gallbladder stones are, the higher the chance of gallbladder cancer. Gallbladder stones larger than 3 cm in diameter are 10.1 times more dangerous than those below 1 cm in diameter, and gallbladder stones larger than 1 cm are 29.9 times more dangerous than those without gallbladder stones.