Clinical manifestations of gallbladder stones

  The symptoms of gallbladder stones depend on the size and location of the stones, as well as the presence of obstruction and inflammation. About 50% of patients with gallbladder stones are asymptomatic for life, known as occult stones. Larger gallbladder stones may cause symptoms of indigestion such as stuffiness and distension in the upper or right side of the abdomen, belching and aversion to fatty foods. Smaller stones may cause biliary colic and acute cholecystitis when they obstruct the gallbladder duct after a full meal, eating fatty foods, or lying down at night.  Due to the contraction of the gallbladder, smaller stones may pass through the cystic duct into the common bile duct and cause obstructive jaundice, then some stones may be discharged from the bile duct into the duodenum, and some stones remain in the bile duct as secondary bile duct stones. Stones may also obstruct the bile duct for a long time without infection and only form a fluid in the gallbladder, at which time an enlarged gallbladder without obvious pressure can be palpated. In the absence of infection, gallbladder stones usually have no specific signs or only mild pressure pain in the right upper abdomen. However, when there is an acute infection, there may be pressure pain and muscle tension in the upper and middle abdomen and right upper abdomen, and sometimes an enlarged and painful gallbladder may be palpable. Murphy’s sign is often positive.