The earliest records of gallbladder stones date back to stones found in Egyptian mummies 3,000 years ago. According to statistics, about 10% of adults suffer from gallbladder stones, especially women, and the incidence of gallstone disease can be as high as 15%. In the past, the incidence of gallbladder stones was significantly higher in western developed countries than in Asian countries, but in recent years, with the improvement of the living standard of our people, the incidence of gallbladder stones has been increasing year by year. It has been more than 120 years since the first successful cholecystectomy was performed in 1882. The main surgical methods and techniques of this procedure have remained unchanged. Traditional cholecystectomy has been recognized as a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic gallbladder nodules. After more than two decades of development, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has replaced traditional open surgery as the surgical procedure of choice for the treatment of gallbladder stones and gallbladder polyps, following the first successful removal of the gallbladder in humans by Dr. Mouret in France in 1987. Since laparoscopic surgery has greatly reduced damage to patients, some doctors have begun to ignore strict surgical indications, and there is a trend of expansion of cholecystectomy. In addition, with the widespread use of endoscopic technology in clinical practice, the surgeon’s field of vision is extended into the gallbladder, allowing a full view of the gallbladder cavity and realizing the completion of endoscopic removal of stones from the gallbladder, greatly reducing the residual stones; therefore, since the mid-1990s, there has been another call for preserving a functional gallbladder in China. The gallbladder, as an important organ of the body, plays a large role in the human body. If the gallbladder is removed, your body faces the loss of these functions. Specifically, they include nine functions: 1) the function of storing bile; 2) the function of absorbing and concentrating bile; 3) the function of sudden excretion of bile after meals; 4) the maintenance of normal physiological functions of the gastrointestinal tract; 5) the function of regulating fluid pressure in the bile duct; 6) the function of secretion (the function of secreting mucus protein and digestive enzymes, etc.); 7) the function of regulating the sphincter of Oddis; 8) the function of bile acid enterohepatic circulation; 9) the immune function. Which patients with gallbladder stones are suitable for gallbladder preservation? We believe that several conditions must be present. First, the gallbladder must have good contractile function, i.e., oral cholecystography or lipid meal after ultrasound indicates that the gallbladder is contracted by more than 1/3. Second, the mucosa of the gallbladder is smooth on ultrasound, the wall is within 3 to 4 mm, the nodules are single or multiple, and the morphology is regular; the gallbladder flesh is well translucent, the length of the gallbladder is between 5 and 8 cm, and there should be no separation within the cyst. There is no significant restriction on age, but young people are more suitable. Only if the above conditions are met, and if there is a desire to preserve the gallbladder, can we consider surgery to preserve the gallbladder.