I. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy?
1, keyhole surgery.
2, preferred.
3, less trauma, less complications, faster recovery.
Second, open cholecystectomy?
1, more than 100 years of history.
2.Mature method.
3.Less complications.
Third, robotic cholecystectomy?
1, robotic surgery system: console (hand control, voice control, pedal), operating arm.
2.Expensive surgery.
3, few hospitals in China are carrying out.
IV. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)?
1.Sauerbruch was used for gallbladder stones in 1985.
2. fasting, prone position.
3. energy: 38-60 joules, frequency: 40-70 times/sec, number of shocks: 600-3500.
4. conditions: <2 cm, <3.
5, bleeding, abdominal pain, liver function damage, jaundice, recurrence, etc.
6, not easy to focus, serious side injury, has been rarely used.
V. Drug contact lithotripsy?
1, percutaneous cholecystocentesis.
2, use of the drug methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE).
3, acute cholecystitis, hemorrhage, hemolysis, biliary fistula, biliary tract and duodenal mucosal injury.
4, has been rarely carried out.
VI. Drug non-contact lithotripsy?
1, oral drug goose deoxycholic acid (CDCA) or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA).
2, desaturated lithotripsy.
3, diarrhea, elevated transaminases, lipid changes, calcification of gallstones
4, long time, need 2 years to observe the effect and evaluate again, the efficacy is not exact.
Seven, Chinese medicine stone removal?
1.Chinese herbal medicine: principle – to regulate qi and open depression, to clear heat and dampness, and to pass the lining and attack.
2, commonly used for sediment stones.
3, commonly used drugs such as: heliotrope, mucuna pruriens, yuan hu, neem, money grass, rhubarb, etc.
4, use with caution, small stones may drain into the common bile duct and cause severe cholangitis or severe pancreatitis.
Eight, acupuncture therapy?
1, with antispasmodic, analgesic, cholagogic and lithotriptic effects.
2, the efficacy is not sure.
Nine, bile stone surgery?
1, biliary stone extraction is a useful attempt to treat gallbladder stones, but whether it is reasonable and effective is still very controversial.
2.Stones may recur.
3.The presence of chronic inflammation of the gallbladder and recurrent abdominal pain.
4, gallbladder cancer on the basis of chronic inflammation.
X. Surgical options for gallbladder cancer found unexpectedly by gallbladder stones?
1.Can’t simply make gallbladder resection only.
2.If suspected, intraoperative frozen pathological section examination should be performed.
3.After clear diagnosis, radical surgery for gallbladder cancer (cholecystectomy + partial hepatectomy + perihilar lymph node dissection) should be performed.
4.Postoperative comprehensive treatment.