Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic progressive disease that affects the sacroiliac joints, spondylolisthesis, paraspinal soft tissues and peripheral joints, and may be associated with extra-articular manifestations. AS is the prototype of spondylolisthesis or primary AS; other spondylolisthesis complicated by sacroiliac arthritis is secondary AS. Previously, it was thought to be more common in men, with a male to female ratio of 10.6:1; now the male to female ratio is reported to be 5:1, except that women have a slower onset and less severe disease. The age of onset is usually between 13 and 31 years old, with rare onset after 30 years of age and before 8 years of age. There is no cure for AS. However, if patients are diagnosed in time and treated appropriately, they can achieve symptom control and improve their prognosis. Non-pharmacological, pharmacological and surgical treatment should be used to relieve pain and stiffness, control or reduce inflammation, maintain good posture, prevent deformation of the spine or joints, and correct deformed joints if necessary, in order to improve and enhance the quality of life of patients. 1, non-pharmacological treatment Patients should carefully and uninterruptedly perform physical exercise to obtain and maintain the best position of the spinal joints, strengthen the paravertebral muscles and increase lung capacity, exercise is no less important than drug treatment, is an important method to improve clinical symptoms to prevent joint ankylosis. When standing, one should try to maintain a posture with the chest up, abdomen tucked in and eyes level in front. Sitting position should also keep the chest upright. One should sleep on a hard bed and take more supine positions to avoid positions that promote flexion deformity. Pillows should be short, and should be discontinued once upper thoracic or cervical spine involvement occurs. Reduce or avoid physical activities that cause persistent pain. Measure height regularly. Keeping a record of height is a good measure to prevent early spinal curvature that is not easily detected. Choose necessary physical therapy for painful or inflamed joints or other soft tissues. 2, drug treatment (1) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (referred to as anti-inflammatory drugs): this class of drugs can quickly improve the patient’s low back pain and stiffness, reduce joint swelling and pain and increase the range of motion, whether early or late AS patients are preferred for symptomatic treatment. There is a wide variety of anti-inflammatory drugs, but their efficacy in AS is roughly equivalent. For nocturnal pain or significant morning stiffness, a suppository of indomethacin 50mg or 100mg, inserted into the anus at night before bedtime, may yield significant improvement. Other optional drugs such as acimexin 90mg once daily. Diclofenac usually at a total daily dose of 75-150mg; meloxicam 15mg once daily; and celecoxib 200mg twice daily are also used to treat this disease. The more frequent adverse reactions of anti-inflammatory drugs are gastrointestinal discomfort and a few can cause ulcers; other less common ones are headache, dizziness, liver and kidney damage, hematocrit, edema, hypertension and allergic reactions. The simultaneous use of 2 or more anti-inflammatory drugs not only does not increase the efficacy, but also increases the adverse drug reactions and even brings about serious consequences. Anti-inflammatory drugs usually need to be used for about 2 months, after the symptoms are completely controlled, the dose is reduced and consolidated for a period of time with the minimum effective amount, then consider stopping the drug, too soon to stop the drug is likely to cause recurrence of symptoms. If a drug is not effective for 2-4 weeks of treatment, it should be switched to other anti-inflammatory drugs of different categories. In the process of drug administration, attention should always be paid to monitoring adverse drug reactions and timely adjustment. (2) Salicyclovir: This product can improve joint pain, swelling and stiffness in AS, and reduce serum IgA levels and other laboratory activity indicators. It is especially suitable for improving peripheral arthritis in AS patients, and has the effect of preventing recurrence and reducing lesions in the anterior uveitis complicated by this disease. To date, there is a lack of evidence on the therapeutic effect of this product on the mesial arthropathy of AS and on the improvement of the prognosis of the disease. Adverse reactions include gastrointestinal symptoms, rash, hematocrit, headache, dizziness, and reduced spermatozoa and abnormal morphology in males (reversible with discontinuation of the drug). It is contraindicated in patients with sulfonamide hypersensitivity. (3) Methotrexate: Methotrexate may be used in patients with active AS when treatment with salbutamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is ineffective. However, it has been observed by comparison that this product only improves the manifestations of peripheral arthritis, low back pain and stiffness and iritis, as well as blood sedimentation and C~reactive protein level, while it has no significant improvement on the radiographic lesions of the medial joints. (4) Glucocorticoids: In a few cases, when symptoms cannot be controlled even with high-dose anti-inflammatory drugs, the pain can be temporarily relieved. For lower back pain that cannot be controlled by other treatments, corticosteroid sacroiliac joint injection under the guidance of CT can improve the symptoms in some patients, and the efficacy can last for about 3 months. Long-acting corticosteroid joint cavity injections are feasible for long-term monoarticular (e.g., knee) effusions associated with this disease. Repeated injections should be given at intervals of 3 to 4 weeks, usually no more than 2 to 3 times. Oral glucocorticoid treatment can neither stop the development of the disease nor bring adverse effects due to long-term treatment. (5) Other drugs: Some male patients with refractory AS showed significant improvement in clinical symptoms and blood sedimentation and C~reactive protein after the application of thalidomide (Thalidomide, Response Stop). Insufficient dosage is ineffective, and the symptoms are likely to recur rapidly after discontinuation of the drug. Adverse effects of Thalidomide include drowsiness, thirst, decreased blood cells, and increased liver enzymes. Regular neurological examination should be done for long-term users in order to detect possible peripheral neuritis in time. 3. Biological agents Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α has been used at home and abroad for the treatment of AS that is active or ineffective to anti-inflammatory drug treatment. After treatment, patients’ peripheral arthritis, tendon terminal inflammation and spinal symptoms, as well as C~reactive protein can be significantly improved. However, its long-term efficacy and the effect on the X-ray lesions of the medial joints have yet to be studied further. Adverse effects of this product include infections, severe allergic reactions and lupus-like lesions. Many patients with the disease are worried, anxious and fearful. In fact, there is no need to be afraid, this disease rarely appears organ damage, and generally does not affect the normal life expectancy, serious appear joint ankylosis, hunchback, cervical spine, lumbar spine ankylosis, so early functional exercise is very important. Be sure to adhere to.