Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the mid-axis skeleton, marked by sacroiliac arthritis, often affecting other joints and internal organs, which can cause deformities and disabilities in the human body, making ankylosing spondylitis a serious health hazard. Ankylosing spondylitis is predominantly in young and middle-aged men, mostly between the ages of 15 and 30, with obvious family aggregation, and is closely related to the human leukocyte antigen HLA-B27. The inflammation involves synovial and cartilaginous joints as well as tendons and ligaments attached to the bone (tendon ends), often causing fibrous and bony ankylosis . Ankylosing spondylitis and lumbar strain both have symptoms of back and leg pain, how should we distinguish them in our daily lives? Tao Lin said that ankylosing spondylitis is mainly an arthropathy, often manifested as pain in the sacroiliac joint, spine, shoulder, hip and other peripheral large joints, ankylosing spondylitis inflammatory low back pain is often insidious and difficult to locate. The patient gradually develops pain in the low back or sacroiliac region, wakes up in the middle of the night with pain, has difficulty turning over, gets up in the morning with stiffness in the low back, and the pain gradually decreases with a little activity, often with pressure pain in the muscles next to the spine, which can be combined with other extra-articular manifestations. The lumbar muscle injury belongs to the muscle lesion, mostly caused by trauma, sports, etc. It is manifested as a sudden onset of lumbar pain after bending hard, carrying a heavy load or lifting a heavy object, and there is tenderness due to muscle spasm on both sides of the lumbar spine, suggesting that it may be an acute lumbar sprain or lumbar muscle strain. The pain is radiating and is most severe at the sacroiliac joint, but the spinal motor function is good, and the pain can be relieved after rest, physical therapy, and massage. The diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis in the outpatient setting is often made by combining the patient’s symptoms, physical examination, the presence of obvious triggers (such as colds, diarrhea, and other infectious factors), family history, and laboratory and imaging tests to determine whether the patient is suffering from ankylosing spondylitis. In the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis, many patients are often confused, after a period of improvement, ankylosing spondylitis flares up again, but the treatment effect is not so obvious? The treatment of ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, and the treatment time is relatively long, and the drugs used have some toxic side effects that need to be guarded against, so ankylosing spondylitis must be diagnosed by the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology before treatment can begin, and the treatment must be followed up by a specialist physician to adjust the medication and treatment plan until the condition is clinically cured or controlled and stable. It is common to see patients whose symptoms have been relieved for a period of time and then re-emerge or worsen after stopping the medication, so that treatment must be restarted, often requiring adjustments to the treatment plan or even switching to other more expensive medications with greater side effects. Whether or not ankylosing spondylitis can be cured or eradicated depends on whether the treatment process is appropriate and adequate after diagnosis, and the timing of treatment. Many healthy people with back and leg pain do not pay attention to it, and many patients even go to other departments for simple back and leg pain. The following symptoms appear, need to have some attention, it is best to go to the hospital rheumatology department to check: common sacroiliac joint pain, neck and shoulder pain, low back pain, heel pain, etc. or with swelling of the joints, inflammatory lower back pain, in the morning, often feel that they can not turn over, joint stiffness, restricted movement, after activity this symptom will be relieved. We must remind: patients with ankylosing spondylitis should have a good state of mind, learn self-psychological adjustment, establish a good family and interpersonal network, when faced with frustration and stress can be cared for and assisted, maintain an optimistic attitude, learn to talk, relieve stress, usually with functional training, like radio exercises, tai chi, walking, swallow flying movement posture.