Thyroid nodules are now a common clinical category of disease, the pathogenesis of which is still unclear. In the early stages of nodule formation, there may be no obvious clinical symptoms, only findings during physical examination, and no abnormal alterations in thyroid function, which can be done with regular follow-up and review. If a thyroid nodule is found to have abnormal blood flow signals, incomplete envelope, lobulated shape, hard texture, etc., under ultrasound observation, it is necessary to perform further tests to clarify the nature of the thyroid nodule. Thyroid nodules are characterized by biopsy for further pathological examination. Malignant nodules should be treated surgically. The size of the thyroid nodule, the nature of the nodule, and the presence or absence of accompanying clinical symptoms and thyroid function determine the treatment plan for the thyroid nodule.