In the past, the treatment of gallbladder stones was mainly based on surgical resection methods. This has become the consensus and the rule of most surgeons. If asked why must the gallbladder be removed? Most surgeons cannot answer this question. In 1882, Langenbuch, a famous German surgeon, performed the first cholecystectomy in Europe and proposed the principles of gallbladder stone treatment. Therefore, he proposed that “gallbladder stones should be removed not only because they contain stones but also because they can grow.” This is the famous “hotbed theory”. This theory was opposed by many doctors at the time, who believed that it was not a reasonable solution to gallbladder stones. The debate lasted for 20 years, and the importance of the gallbladder organ was not felt until Langenbuch wrote about the importance of the gallbladder organ, which was not available at that time, and was unable to remove the stones, or to solve the problem of recurrence. It was not until Langenbuch wrote a monograph on the inability of the opposition at the time to bring down the recurrence rate of post-operative gallbladder stones that the warm-bed doctrine was unilaterally laid down. for more than 100 years, it became the golden rule, the gold standard for surgeons. Many surgeons just pull the cart with their heads down, but never look up at the road anymore, to the point of blind obedience. Even for the arrival of the new endoscopic minimally invasive biliary lithotripsy theory, take a numb and insensitive rigid attitude of not listening, not looking, not talking; instead, ridicule the new theory is claptrap, new and different; is the brain into the water and so on. In fact, the opposition to the blanket removal of the gallbladder has never stopped. Professors Ran Ruitu and Wang Xunying, the old-timers of biliary surgery in China, also raised objections to Langenbuch’s hotbed theory. In the article, Professors Ran Ruitu and Wang Xunying also raised questions about cholecystectomy: 1. The problem of medically induced injury brought about by gallbladder removal has not been completely avoided; 2. After removal of the functional gallbladder, changes in intestinal and hepatic circulation and lipid metabolism cannot be fully compensated for; 3. It has been found that the gallbladder has certain immune functions, and the long-term effects of resection on the human body are worth studying; 4. Many, this method is obviously not a problem that can be solved by surgery; 5, lithogenic bile comes from the liver, from the development of the idea of correcting lipid metabolism to solve the bile composition, it is more reasonable than removing the gallbladder. In the 1990s, the First Hospital of Beihang Medical University, with advanced choledochoscopic technology, designed and carried out a new type of biliary stone extraction method – endoscopic minimally invasive biliary stone extraction, which was carried out on a large scale in 14 hospitals across China, including the Shougang Hospital of Peking University, the General Hospital of Aerospace, and the Second Hospital of Beijing, and finally After 10 years of follow-up, the recurrence rate of gallbladder stones after endoscopic minimally invasive biliary stone extraction is not high! It is only 2-7%. 2. The recurrence rate of Langenbuch is not accurate, most of them are residual rate rather than recurrence rate. 3.Langenbuch was performed under the condition of no endoscopy, so it was impossible to remove the stones, and most of them were residual stones. 4. The main defect of Langenbuch’s theory is that it ignores the importance of gallbladder function. 5, Langenbuch’s theory does not recognize the long term side effects of gallbladder removal. In recent years, Professor Huang Zhiqiang, a master of biliary surgery in China, has also been interested in this issue and has raised the question, “Do so many gallbladder stones need to be removed?” “Is the formation of gallbladder stones a sudden process or a continuous process?” “Is it reasonable to laparoscopically cut gallbladder to prevent cancer?” The authors believe that if the formation of gallbladder stones is a sudden process, its recurrence rate is irrelevant to the hotbed doctrine; the low recurrence rate of newer methods of biliary stone extraction indicates that the hotbed doctrine is inaccurate, cannot be exaggerated, cannot be abused, and cannot be promoted. Likewise, the importance of the warm-bed theory without considering the function of the gallbladder is the biggest flaw of this theory. In the editorial of Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, “Gastrointestinal surgery meets the 21st century”, academician Huang Zhiqiang pointed out that the “myopia” of “surgical culture” is the surgical “In the editorial of the Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, “Gastrointestinal Surgery Embraces the 21st Century”, he pointed out that the “myopia” of “surgical culture” is the surgical medical revolution tide, should a traditional surgeon hold his ground or come to a conceptual change”? “Of course, a change of concept must bring a sense of loss of certain perspectives”. This is an important question to welcome the arrival of the 21st century, and I think the answer should be the latter. Let’s welcome the great new era of bile preservation!