Most bone tuberculosis is secondary to tuberculosis. However, there are also patients who do not have a history of tuberculosis and have a hidden infection with tuberculosis bacilli. Most of the tuberculosis nuclei firstly occur in the lungs, and after infection in the lungs, it can go to many systems of the whole body through the transmission of blood, which can lead to tuberculosis of the skeletal system, tuberculosis of the urinary system, tuberculosis of the digestive system and so on. So bone tuberculosis is not just a lesion, it is a localized manifestation of a systemic disease. After this bacteria spread to other parts, most of the parts can be eliminated due to the increase of resistance, but there are some parts of the tuberculosis bacteria may form a small localized foci, if the muscle resistance is very strong, it may be latent there, and when the resistance of the muscle is weakened, these latent foci can develop and lead to bone tuberculosis, so bone tuberculosis is a kind of secondary foci. A part of bone tuberculosis can cause paralysis of the patient, which is due to the erosion of the bones by tuberculosis lesions. As we all know that behind the spine is the spinal cord, and once the spinal cord is compressed or damaged and pulled, then there will be problems in conveying the instructions, and the patient will become paralyzed. The human body from the cervical spine, thoracic spine to the lumbar spine can get tuberculosis, if the position of the disease is higher, the greater the harm, if the cervical spine gets tuberculosis, the upper limbs will not be able to move, if the thoracic spine gets tuberculosis, then the chest can not be moved, lumbar spine if the tuberculosis is mainly double lower limb problems. In fact, any part of the bones of the human body can get tuberculosis, spinal tuberculosis accounts for about 50%, and other joints, such as the knee joint, hip joint and many other joints can also get tuberculosis. Bone tuberculosis, including spinal tuberculosis, has its general tuberculosis treatment principles, first of all, supportive therapy, adequate nutrition such as proteins, vitamins, enough calories, sufficient rest and so on. The other is anti-tuberculosis treatment, that is, chemotherapy, giving all kinds of anti-tuberculosis drugs, need to adhere to a longer period of time. However, when some of the disease has progressed to a serious level, abscesses, paralysis, etc., surgical treatment is needed. Surgery involves removing the bones that have been destroyed by tuberculosis, and then implanting them with bones from other parts of the body, such as the iliac bone, on top of the basic resection, with the aim of allowing the implanted bone to slowly grow and merge with the original soon-to-be-normal bone. The other side of the surgery requires temporary immobilization, and after six months the implanted bone has fused. Then with the addition of medication it is done. The question of the risk of spinal tuberculosis surgery has to be considered from several points of view, first of all depending on the severity of the patient’s condition, but also on the technical strength of the hospital, especially the surgeon as well as the anesthesia, and finally on the equipment. At present it seems that the insurance factor for performing tuberculosis surgery in our country is still relatively high.