Epidemiologic identification of vertebral bone metastases: the most common primary tumors are lung, breast, and prostate cancer. Their most common age of onset is 40 to 65 years, which correlates with the high incidence of tumors in this age group. The incidence is higher in men than in women, which correlates with a higher incidence of prostate cancer in men than breast cancer in women in the United States. The site of occurrence of spinal bone metastases correlates with volume, with a 60% incidence in the thoracic spine, a 30% incidence in the lumbosacral spine, and a 10% incidence in the cervical spine. Most spinal metastases are isolated, and the incidence of multiple spinal metastases is 35%. In a prospective study, the recurrence rate of spinal metastases was 20%. Over the past 20 years, considerable improvements in early diagnosis of spinal metastases have been achieved with advances in neuroimaging techniques, particularly MRI. Vertebral bone tuberculosis: In recent years, the global tuberculosis epidemic has become a worsening trend and the incidence of tuberculosis has increased significantly due to population growth and increased mobility, an increase in the proportion of drug-resistant tuberculosis, and the spread of HIV epidemic. China is a high TB epidemic country, with 80% of patients in rural areas. Spinal tuberculosis is the most common form of osteoarticular tuberculosis inspired by pulmonary tuberculosis, mostly occurring in young adults, and is a common cause of kyphosis and paraplegia, with a high rate of residual pole and difficulty in treatment. Among them, the incidence of thoracic spine is as high as about 39.6%, especially in children. Due to factors such as negative thoracic pressure, mediastinal organ pulsation, complex thoracic outlet adjacent structures and physiological lordosis of the thoracic spine, thoracic spinal tuberculosis is prone to the formation of paravertebral and other flow abscesses, and the range of thoracic paravertebral abscesses is usually more extensive, with an incidence of 86.5% to 98.5% reported in the literature. Superior thoracic spine abscesses can compress the esophagus and trachea in the upper thoracic orifice causing dysphagia and respiratory distress. Middle thoracic spine abscesses may protrude along the intercostal space or locally to the body surface, and may also form tension abscesses that penetrate into the lungs (about 10.9%), and the abscess and dead bone may be coughed up or penetrate into the lungs (3.3%), or may protrude backward into the spinal canal and cause spinal cord compression. Inferior thoracic and thoracolumbar TB abscesses may protrude from the body in the upper and lower lumbar triangle, or they may flow along the psoas major muscle into the iliac fossa and then descend into the thigh. Thoracic spinal tuberculosis, like other spinal tuberculosis, predominantly destroys the anterior and middle columns of the spine, and because of its own physiological lordosis, stress is concentrated on the anterior side of the vertebral body, causing collapse of the vertebral body after weight bearing, resulting in a significant lordosis.