Recommendation 1: When treating chronic hepatitis B, the pursuit of higher therapeutic goals should be considered first, with preference given to drugs with higher sustained response rates. For patients who are determined to choose interferon therapy, polyethylene glycol interferon a-2a (PEG-IFN a-2a) can be recommended first. Zhang Lixin, Department of Infection/Hepatology, Second Hospital of Shandong University Recommendation 2: When choosing interferon therapy, individualized treatment should be emphasized, and drug dosage, course of treatment, monitoring and follow-up time can be appropriately adjusted on the basis of the basic treatment plan of the Guidelines according to the patient’s tolerance of the drug, whether or not a response occurs or the time of occurrence of a response, etc., and the treatment plan can be adjusted if necessary. Recommendation 3: Among patients with antiviral indications, interferon therapy should be preferentially recommended for 1) younger patients (including adolescents) 2) patients who wish to have children in the near future 3) patients who expect to complete the treatment within a short period of time and 4) patients with strong immune clearance (e.g., low viral load, high ALT level, and severe hepatic inflammation) Recommendation 4: Interferon therapy should be preferentially recommended for patients with mildly elevated ALT levels (ALT) over a long period of time (e.g., low viral load, high ALT level, and severe hepatic inflammation). Levels are elevated (ALT 1-2´ULN) or normal: Liver biopsy is recommended if the patient is older, has a family history of chronic hepatitis B or hepatocellular carcinoma, is HBeAg-negative, or if B-mode ultrasound or FibroScan suggests chronic liver disease. If the biopsy shows significant hepatic pathologic changes, antiviral therapy, including interferon, is recommended. For patients with markedly elevated ALT levels (>10´ULN): The patient should first be closely observed for changes in condition, especially the dynamic changes in ALT and bilirubin levels, while symptomatic and supportive treatments such as hepatoprotective drugs can be given appropriately. Once the ALT level begins to decline, or reduced to less than 10´ULN, then you can start to start interferon therapy, can be based on the patient’s specific situation in accordance with the recommended dose or first from a small dose For patients with significantly elevated ALT levels (>10 × ULN), if you consider the choice of interferon therapy, it must be carried out by an expert with extensive experience in clinical treatment of interferon, or under the guidance of the implementation of the. Changes in condition should be closely observed during treatment, and the treatment regimen should be adjusted if necessary. Regarding the basic dose and course of interferon and individualized adjustment, it is recommended that: 1. Patients with total peripheral blood WBC £1.5´109/L or neutrophil count £0.75´ 109/L or PLT count £50´109/L during treatment should have their polyethylene glycol interferon down-regulated dose to 135 mg to continue treatment, or extend the interval between injections and intensify monitoring. Patients with total peripheral blood WBC £1.0´109/L or neutrophil count £0.5´109/L or PLT count £2.5´109/L should be suspended, and then start the treatment from a small dose after the above indexes are rebounded. 2.After treatment, patients who reach the standard of “complete response” as defined in China’s “Guidelines” should maintain the treatment for more than 6 months, and the course of treatment can be extended appropriately if necessary; patients who are “partially responding” should continue the treatment until they reach the standard of “complete response”, and then continue the treatment. Patients who are “partial responders” should continue treatment until they reach “complete response”, and then continue maintenance treatment, and the course of treatment can be extended according to specific circumstances. Recommendation 5: Regarding the basic dose and duration of interferon therapy and individualized adjustment, it is recommended that: 1. For patients with total peripheral blood WBC count £1.5´109/L or neutrophil count £0.75´109/L or PLT count £50´109/L, the dose of pegylated interferon should be adjusted downward to 13%. 2. polyethylene glycol interferon dose to 135 mg to continue treatment, or extend the interval between injections and intensify monitoring. Patients with peripheral blood WBC count £1.0´109/L or neutrophil count £0.5´109/L or PLT count £2.5´109/L should suspend the use of the treatment, and then start the treatment from a small dose after the above indexes rebound. 2.After treatment, patients who reach the standard of “complete response” as defined in China’s “Guidelines” should maintain the treatment for more than 6 months, and the course of treatment can be extended appropriately if necessary; patients who are “partially responding” should continue the treatment until they reach the standard of “complete response”, and then continue the treatment. Patients who are “partial responders” should continue treatment until they reach “complete response”, and then continue to maintain treatment, and the course of treatment can be extended according to specific circumstances. 3. If no response is seen after 6 months of treatment, communication with the patient should be strengthened, and the next treatment strategy should be decided according to the patient’s willingness and degree of cooperation. If the patient’s HBV DNA, especially HBeAg quantification shows a gradual and progressive decline, it is more important to judge the possible seroconversion of HBeAg, there has been a certain degree of decline, it is recommended to continue to observe the treatment for 3 months (the total course of treatment at least 12 months), and then according to the patient’s response situation to decide whether to adjust the treatment program Recommendation 6: Interferon treatment in the monitoring, follow up and treatment Recommendation: 1. Baseline indicators should be measured before treatment, including HBeAg, HBV DNA quantification, ALT/AST, TBil/DBil, blood routine, B-mode ultrasonography or CT examination, etc., as well as fasting blood glucose and thyroid function (total triiodothyronine, total thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone) measurements. 2. Monitor blood routine once a week after starting treatment and treat appropriately according to changes (see expert recommendation 5). After the indicators stabilize or improve, the interval can be gradually extended until monthly monitoring. In the first 3 months after the start of treatment, ALT and HBV DNA should be monitored once a month, and after a significant decrease, the monitoring interval can be extended until once every 3 months, and HBeAg/anti-HBe should be monitored at the same time. 4. Patients who have reached the end point of treatment and then finished the treatment should be closely followed up, once a month at first, and then gradually extend the interval of the follow up after 3 months, and those with stabilized conditions can be followed up once every 3-6 months. Patients with stabilized condition can be followed up every 3-6 months. Recommendation 7: When making efficacy prediction for patients treated with pegylated interferon, it is recommended that: 1. The efficacy prediction of chronic hepatitis B treatment should not be made based on the efficacy prediction pattern of pegylated interferon for chronic hepatitis C treatment, and it is not appropriate to predict the efficacy of pegylated interferon for chronic hepatitis B treatment based on the efficacy prediction pattern of nucleoside analogs for chronic hepatitis B treatment. 2, in predicting or judging whether sustained response occurs in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B with polyethylene glycol interferon, the observation time should not be too short, and should be based on the dynamic changes in quantitative and qualitative testing of HVB DNA and HBeAg after 6 months of treatment for comprehensive judgment Recommendation 8: Interferon’s Adverse Reaction Handling With regard to the handling of interferon’s adverse reactions, it is recommended that: 1, for the treatment of the occurrence of peripheral blood alterations in Patients are treated according to Expert Recommendation 5-1. For patients with markedly reduced neutrophils, treatment with G-CSF or GM-CSF can be tried. 2.When thyroid function-related indexes (total triiodothyronine, total thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone) increase or decrease during treatment, it should be diagnosed and treated together with endocrine specialists, and interferon treatment can be suspended if necessary