Extrapleural thoracoplasty is a procedure in which a group of ribs is removed under the periosteum to collapse the local chest wall in order to shrink the chest cavity in that area. The new ribs from the periosteum 6 to 8 weeks after surgery will keep the local chest wall collapsed and shrink the chest cavity forever. Thoracoplasty is commonly used for chronic abscess thorax. Factors such as untimely treatment or inappropriate management of acute abscess chest, residual foreign body in the chest cavity, failure to cure the primary disease causing abscess chest or specific infection can lead to chest wall collapse. What are all the aspects of the diagnosis of chest wall collapse? The diagnosis of chronic abscess chest is not difficult, and patients mostly have the history of acute abscess chest and the process of forming chronic abscess chest. However, it is clinically necessary to identify the patient’s systemic and local conditions as well as the reasons for the formation of chronic pustulothorax. 1, systemic symptoms: patients often have wasting, anemia, reduced plasma protein, and different degrees of chronic systemic toxicity symptoms, such as low fever, weakness, poor appetite, etc. Physical examination: physical examination shows chest wall subsidence on the affected side, restricted thoracic respiratory motion, narrowed rib space, scoliosis in some patients, solid sound on chest percussion, and decreased or absent breath sounds on auscultation. 3.Chest X-ray: It shows the thickening of the pleura on the affected side, narrowing of the rib space, shifting of the mediastinum to the affected side, smaller chest cavity, if there are metal foreign bodies or calcification can be clearly shown, if there are air-fluid planes, it means there is bronchopleural fistula or esophageal fistula, if the abscess cavity is small or there is only sinus tract, iodine oil can be injected into the frontal and lateral film to show the scope of the abscess cavity and the presence of bronchopleural fistula; or swallow iodine oil through the mouth to observe under fluoroscopy whether there is contrast agent into the The presence or absence of esophageal fistula and the location and size of the fistula can be confirmed. If bronchial dilatation is suspected, bronchography should be performed. If chronic abscess chest has not been drained, thoracentesis and bacterial culture of pus should be performed to identify the causative organism of abscess chest. The culture may be negative due to the use of antimicrobial agents. In case of bronchopleural fistula, injection of melanoma into the chest cavity may soon appear in the coughing up of sputum.