The diagnosis of chest wall collapse is not difficult, and patients most often have a history of acute pyothorax and the process of developing chronic pyothorax. However, it is clinically important to identify the patient’s systemic and localized conditions and the cause of the formation of chronic pyothorax. Patients often have emaciation, anemia, decreased plasma proteins, and varying degrees of chronic systemic toxicity, such as low fever, fatigue, and poor appetite. Physical examination reveals chest wall subsidence on the affected side, limited thoracic respiratory motility, narrowing of the intercostal space, scoliosis in some patients, solid sounds on chest percussion, and decreased or absent respiratory sounds on auscultation. Chest wall collapse is mainly a complication of pyothorax, which should be prevented from the underlying etiology. 1, acute pyothorax: mostly due to other diseases caused by infection, so the prevention of this disease first focuses on the treatment of primary diseases, patients with anti-infection treatment, especially in some surgery, in strict accordance with the aseptic operation, to prevent infection due to the surgical process. Secondly, once acute pyothorax is diagnosed, it must be treated actively to prevent further development and more serious complications. 2, chronic pyothorax: pyothorax, especially chronic pyothorax, is a consumptive disease, so it should pay great attention to supportive treatment, give high energy diet, replenish the loss of protein, maintain water, electrolyte, acid-base balance, small amount of intermittent blood or plasma transfusion is very important in the treatment. Bronchial antispasmodics should also be actively used to facilitate expectoration, as well as traditional Chinese medicine treatment. Acute pyothorax without strict treatment will gradually turn into chronic pyothorax, pus in the cellulose deposited in large quantities in the pleura, pleura in the capillaries and fibroblasts to the growth of cellulose within the growth of granulation tissue, mechanized to become a thicker, dense envelope, i.e., pleural fibrous plate, this time belongs to the period of mechanization. The extensive, hard pleural fibrous plate wraps around the lung tissue and severely restricts the movement of the thorax, causing the thorax to invaginate, the mediastinum to shift, and the respiratory function to be severely impaired. It never causes respiratory diseases.