I. Diagnosis and classification Children’s hyperleademia and lead poisoning should be diagnosed based on children’s venous blood lead level. Hyperleukemia: two consecutive venous blood lead levels of 100~199mg/L; Lead poisoning: two consecutive venous blood lead levels equal to or higher than 200mg/L; and according to the blood lead levels, they are classified as mild, moderate and severe lead poisoning. Xu Jinliang, Department of Pediatrics, Shaoxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital Mild lead poisoning: blood lead level is 200-249mg/L; moderate lead poisoning: blood lead level is 250-449mg/L; severe lead poisoning: blood lead level is equal to or higher than 450mg/L; lead poisoning in children can be accompanied by some non-specific clinical symptoms, such as abdominal pain, constipation, anemia, hyperactivity, impulsivity, etc.; blood lead is equal to or higher than When the blood lead is equal to or higher than 700mg/L, it can be accompanied by coma, convulsions and other manifestations of lead poisoning encephalopathy. The treatment of childhood hyperleademia and lead poisoning should be carried out in qualified medical and health institutions. Medical personnel should follow the basic principles of environmental intervention, health education and lead repellent treatment in the process of treatment, help to find the source of lead contamination, and inform the guardians of children to leave the source of lead contamination as soon as possible; they should provide health guidance and advice on nutritional intervention for different situations; children with lead poisoning should be treated appropriately in time. Hyperglycemia: detachment from the source of lead pollution, health guidance and nutritional intervention; mild lead poisoning: detachment from the source of lead pollution, health guidance and nutritional intervention; moderate and severe lead poisoning: detachment from the source of lead pollution, health guidance, nutritional intervention and lead expulsion treatment. (i) Removal from lead contamination sources Identification and removal from lead contamination sources is the fundamental way to deal with childhood hyperleademia and lead poisoning. The blood lead level of children can be significantly reduced after they are removed from lead contamination sources. When children’s blood lead level is above 100mg/L, we should carefully inquire about the pollution status of living environment, whether family members and peers have long-term lead exposure history and lead poisoning history. When the blood lead level is from 100 to 199mg/L, it is often difficult to find a clear source of lead pollution, but still we should actively search for it and try to cut off the source and way of lead pollution; when the blood lead level is above 200mg/L, we can often find a clearer source of lead pollution, and we should actively help to find a specific source of lead pollution and get away from it as soon as possible. (ii) Conducting health guidance Through health education and health guidance on the prevention and treatment of lead poisoning in children, the general public is made aware of the health hazards of lead and avoid and reduce children’s exposure to lead pollution sources. At the same time, educate children to develop good hygiene habits and correct bad behaviors. (iii) Implementation of nutritional intervention Hyperleukemia and lead poisoning can affect the body’s absorption of iron, zinc, calcium and other elements, and the body’s susceptibility to the toxic effects of lead is enhanced when these elements are deficient. Therefore, children with hyperleukemia and lead poisoning should be given nutritional intervention in time to supplement protein, vitamins and trace elements, and correct malnutrition and iron, calcium and zinc deficiency. (iv) Lead repellent treatment Lead repellent treatment is to prevent the toxic effect of lead on the body by combining lead repellent drugs with lead in the body and excreting it. It is only used for lead poisoning with blood lead level of moderate or above. Attachment: lead repellent treatment method Attention should be paid to the following when using lead repellent treatment: ① Before using oral lead repellent drugs, you should ensure that you are free from contamination sources, otherwise it will lead to increased absorption of lead in the digestive tract. ②Iron deficient children should take iron supplements first before lead expulsion treatment, because iron deficiency will affect the effect of lead expulsion treatment. 1. Moderate lead poisoning is used for those who have a positive lead repellent test. The specific method of lead repellent test is as follows: Before the test, the child should be asked to empty the bladder, and intra-muscular injection of calcium sodium edetate at a dose of 500-700mg/m2 body surface area, with 2% lidocaine 2ml to reduce the pain during the intra-muscular injection. Urine volume (L) and urinary lead concentration (mg/L) were measured for 8 hours by using a lead-free vessel, and the ratio of lead excretion per mg of sodium edetate was calculated by the following formula: I = urinary volume (L) × urinary lead concentration (mg/L) / sodium edetate (mg).