Lead poisoning causes great harm to children’s physical and mental health, and in recent years, the society and the general public are very concerned about it. China has carried out research and prevention of childhood lead poisoning in some areas since the 1980s, and has made useful exploration with reference to foreign experience, which has played a positive role in reducing the prevalence of childhood lead poisoning in China. Childhood hyperleademia and lead poisoning are completely preventable. Through environmental intervention, health education focused screening and monitoring, the purpose of prevention and early detection and intervention can be achieved. I. Health education It is important to carry out extensive health education to prevent childhood hyperleademia and lead poisoning. Through face-to-face propaganda and guidance, knowledge lectures and distribution of promotional materials, we disseminate scientific knowledge related to the toxic effects of lead on children, change people’s knowledge, attitude and behavior, and prevent and reduce the harm of lead on children. (I) Knowledge introduction Medical personnel should explain to the public the causes of lead poisoning in children, the hazards of lead to children’s health, and what to do when the blood lead is high, so that the public can understand the general knowledge of lead poisoning in children. (ii) Behavioral guidance Poor hygiene habits and improper behaviors of children can cause lead to enter their bodies. Through the guidance to parents and children, cut off the channel of lead entering children’s body from the environment. 1.Educate children to develop good habits of washing hands regularly, especially before meals is very important. The lead dust in the environment can stain the hands when children play, and it is easy to enter the body with food or through habitual hand-to-mouth action, which will cause the increase of lead load for a long time. 2. Pay attention to children’s personal hygiene and cut nails regularly. The nail crevice is the part that can easily hide lead dust. 3.Wash children’s toys and supplies frequently. 4.Clean the dust in the parts that children can reach with a clean wet rag. Children’s food and tableware should be covered with dust. 5.Don’t take children to walk or play near lead working factories. 6.Family members who are directly engaged in lead work must change their work clothes and take a shower before they leave work. Work clothes and children’s clothes should not be washed together. Children should not be nursed in lead workplaces (or between jobs). 7.Families using coal as fuel should open windows more often for ventilation. Pregnant women and children should avoid passive smoking as much as possible. 8, shopping for children’s tableware should avoid colorful patterns and shoddy products. Children should avoid eating eggs and old popcorn machine popped food and other foods containing high levels of lead. 9. Tap water that has been left in the pipes for a long time should not be used to make milk powder or cooking for children. (iii) Nutritional intervention Children suffering from malnutrition, especially the lack of calcium, iron and zinc in their bodies, can increase the absorption rate and susceptibility of lead. Therefore, we should ensure children’s dietary balance and supply of various nutrients in daily life, and educate children to develop good eating habits. 1.Children should eat regularly and avoid excessively greasy food. Because fasting and excessively greasy food will increase the absorption of lead in the intestine. 2.Children should often eat dairy products and soy products that contain sufficient calcium; animal liver, blood, meat, eggs and seafood rich in iron and zinc; fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C, etc. Screening and monitoring The development of lead poisoning in children is a slow process, and there is no typical clinical manifestation in the early stage. Early detection of children with hyperleademia through screening and timely intervention can reduce the toxic effect of lead on children’s organism. At the same time, the screening information is analyzed in order to evaluate the environmental lead pollution status and carry out regular monitoring. In recent years, the blood lead level of children in China is generally on a decreasing trend, and the proportion of most urban and rural children with blood lead level equal to or higher than 200μg/L is very low, so there is no need to conduct universal screening for childhood lead poisoning. However, for areas where industrial lead pollution exists or is suspected, screening for childhood lead poisoning can be considered. Children under 6 years old living or residing in high-risk areas and other high-risk groups should be regularly monitored: 1. Those living near smelters, storage battery plants and other lead-operated factories; 2. Those whose parents or co-residents are engaged in lead-operated labor; 3. Those whose siblings or partners have been clearly diagnosed with childhood lead poisoning. Hyperleademia: two consecutive venous blood lead levels of 100-199μg/L; Lead poisoning: two consecutive venous blood lead levels equal to or higher than 200μg/L. And according to the blood lead levels are classified as mild, moderate and severe lead poisoning. Mild lead poisoning: blood lead level is 200-249μg/L; moderate lead poisoning: blood lead level is 250-449μg/L; severe lead poisoning: blood lead level is equal to or higher than 450μg/L. Lead poisoning in children can be accompanied by certain non-specific clinical symptoms, such as hidden abdominal pain, constipation, anemia, hyperactivity, impulsivity, etc.; when blood lead is equal to or higher than 700μg/L, it can be accompanied by coma and When the blood lead is equal to or higher than 700μg/L, it can be accompanied by coma, convulsion and other manifestations of lead poisoning encephalopathy. The treatment of childhood hyperleademia and lead poisoning should be carried out in qualified medical and health institutions. Medical personnel should follow the basic principles of environmental intervention, health education and lead repellent treatment in the process of treatment, help to find the source of lead contamination, and inform the guardians of children to get rid of the source of lead contamination as soon as possible; they should provide health guidance and advice on nutritional intervention for different situations; children with lead poisoning should be treated appropriately in time. Hyperleademia: detachment from the source of lead pollution, health guidance and nutritional intervention; mild lead poisoning: detachment from the source of lead pollution, health guidance and nutritional intervention; moderate and severe lead poisoning: detachment from the source of lead pollution, health guidance, nutritional intervention and lead expulsion treatment. (i) Removal from lead contamination sources Identification and removal from lead contamination sources is the fundamental way to deal with childhood hyperleademia and lead poisoning. The blood lead level of children can be significantly reduced after they are removed from lead contamination sources. When children’s blood lead level is above 100μg/L, they should be carefully asked about the pollution status of living environment, whether family members and peers have long-term lead exposure history and lead poisoning history. When the blood lead level is between 100 and 199μg/L, it is often difficult to find a clear source of lead pollution, but still we should actively search for it and try to cut off the source and way of lead pollution; when the blood lead level is above 200μg/L, we can often find a clearer source of lead pollution, and we should actively help to find a specific source of lead pollution and get away from it as soon as possible. (ii) Conduct health guidance Through health education and health guidance on the prevention and treatment of lead poisoning in children, the general public is made aware of the health hazards of lead and avoid and reduce children’s exposure to lead pollution sources. At the same time, educate children to develop good hygiene habits and correct bad behaviors. (iii) Implementation of nutritional intervention Hyperleukemia and lead poisoning can affect the body’s absorption of iron, zinc, calcium and other elements, and the body’s susceptibility to the toxic effects of lead is enhanced when these elements are deficient. Therefore, children with hyperleukemia and lead poisoning should be given nutritional intervention in time to supplement protein, vitamins and trace elements, and correct malnutrition and iron, calcium and zinc deficiency. (iv) Lead repellent treatment Lead repellent treatment is to prevent the toxic effect of lead on the body by combining lead repellent drugs with lead in the body and excreting it. It is only used for lead poisoning with blood lead level of moderate or above.