In the treatment of coma and vegetative state, there is no special drug or special treatment method at present. Promoting awakening treatment for coma and vegetative state is a long-term and comprehensive systematic project, on the one hand, strengthening the basic treatment to make the patient’s physical state reach or close to the normal physiological state, and on the other hand, promoting awakening treatment on the basis of the treatment, which are complementary to each other and should not be neglected. First, drug therapy 1, general drug therapy: mainly for patients with a variety of systemic diseases of conventional treatment, symptomatic treatment and supportive therapy. 2, targeted drug therapy: there is no specific drug. Commonly used neurotrophic agents, nerve activators, wake-up agents, brain protection agents, opioid receptor antagonists and calcium ion antagonists. Generally, the above drugs are often used in combination, but the clinical efficacy of some drugs is still controversial. It should be noted that, in the course of treatment, the use of anticholinergics, catecholamine antagonists, GABA, 5-hydroxytryptamines, antiepileptic drugs, antispasmodic drugs and other drugs should be avoided or reduced as much as possible. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy Hyperbaric oxygen is one of the necessary means for the treatment of vegetative state, but not the only means. Precautions can be referred to the “application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy need to pay attention to a little experience”. Neuroelectric stimulation therapy 1, deep brain stimulation, also known as brain pacemaker therapy surgery, including thalamus electrical stimulation, brainstem mid-brain electrical stimulation, cerebellar electrical stimulation, etc. This technology is the use of brain stereotactic surgery to implant electrodes in the brain at the location of specific neuronal nuclei to stimulate the corresponding neurons, thus playing a role in arousal. Scholars have carried out useful exploration of this technology. 2.High cervical medullary cord electrical stimulation under general anesthesia to implant the electrode to the cervical 2 and cervical 4 level epidural middle, give continuous electrical stimulation, through the upward reticular activation system and subthalamic activation system, to reach the cerebral cortex, in order to wake up the cortical function, so as to play the role of arousal. Deep brain electrical stimulation and high cervical medullary posterior cord electrical stimulation have been reported in the literature to have large differences in efficacy, and further in-depth study is needed. 3, peripheral nerve electrical stimulation with low-frequency electrical stimulation continuous stimulation of bilateral median nerve or peroneal nerve. It is clinically simple and easy to implement, but the treatment parameters such as stimulation intensity, stimulation time and timing of stimulation still need to be studied. Stem cell transplantation: Stem cell transplantation is to induce differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells or other stem cells, and then transplant them into the damaged parts of the brain to replace the damaged brain cells and tissues, so as to play a role. Some scholars in China have conducted clinical research and exploration, but further in-depth research is still needed. V. Sensory stimulation for awakening: According to the theory that a rich peripheral environment can promote the recovery of nerve function, patients in a vegetative state are provided with systematic and regular sensory stimulation of sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch and so on. These methods, although not proven to be effective (in general, no family member receives only sensory stimulation for awakening), are theoretically sound and are often commonly practiced in clinical settings, but individual responses to sensory stimulation vary widely, and the appropriate sensory stimulation for each patient needs to be explored in the course of clinical treatment. Family support has an irreplaceable role in the improvement of patients’ survival. Some reports show that affectionate stimulation can sometimes play an unexpected effect. Chinese medicine treatment: Chinese medicine literature does not have a relevant name for the disease, which is categorized as a special kind of fainting, according to the naming principle of Chinese medicine and the guiding effect on clinical practice, Chinese medicine names the vegetative state as “Shen Deng”. Chinese medicine has its own unique understanding of the vegetative state. Typical treatment means of Chinese medicine is acupuncture, which has the effect of waking up the brain, improving blood circulation in the brain and promoting the reconstruction of nerve function. However, the specific acupuncture treatment protocols for different types of patients and the same patient at different stages are different, and even the sensitivity of the same patient to different acupoints varies. Therefore, it is necessary for doctors to adjust the treatment program in time with the neurophysiological response during the treatment process. In terms of traditional Chinese medicine, there are more prescriptions that have the effect of waking up the brain and opening up the mind (promoting the recovery of consciousness) and have irreplaceable roles, for which you can refer to “Angong Niuhuang Pill and its cool-opening family in the treatment of coma and vegetative state” and “Suhuixiang Pill and its warm-opening brain-awakening family in the treatment of coma and vegetative state”. Since coma and vegetative state are mostly due to serious damage of brain function, complex causes of pathological damage and wide range of damage areas, it is often difficult for a single drug or therapeutic measure to be effective, and due to the slow repair process of the central nervous system, therefore, the treatment of coma and vegetative state to promote the awakening of the brain is a long term and comprehensive process.