Open-eyed coma is the common name for a persistent vegetative state. It is a specific form of impaired state of consciousness, also known as waking coma. It is manifested by the patient’s clear consciousness but inability to move except for eye movements, and the ability to follow instructions to open and close the eyes or make eye movements in all directions. Patients completely lose perception of themselves and their surroundings, have sleep-wake cycles, and maintain or partially protect the autonomic functions of the hypothalamus and brainstem. Diagnosis: 1. Loss of cognitive function, no conscious activity, and inability to execute instructions; 2. Maintaining autonomic respiration and blood pressure; 3. Having a sleep-wake cycle; 4. Inability to understand and express language; 5. Being able to open the eyes automatically or under stimulation; 6. May have purposeless eye tracking movements; 7. Hypothalamic function and brainstem function are largely preserved. Open-eye coma should be distinguished from coma, atresia syndrome, functional unresponsiveness, brain death, etc. 1, coma: the patient has no sleep-wake cycle, and cannot open the eyes automatically or under stimulation. 2. Atresia syndrome: It is seen in the lesion at the base of the cerebral bridge. Although the patient cannot turn his eyes to both sides and cannot speak, he is actually still conscious and can understand the questioning, and expresses the conscious mental activity by vertical eye movements and transient eyes, which is different from the vegetative state that appears to be awake but has no conscious content. 3. Functional unresponsiveness: It is a state of mental inhibition caused by mental factors and does not respond to external environmental stimuli. Patients have emotional reactions (such as tears in the corners of the eyes) and active resistance, and when the eyes are opened, they close more tightly instead. 4, brain death: the key to differentiate from brain death is whether the brainstem reflexes exist. Patients in a persistent vegetative state can open their eyes spontaneously and turn their eyes, the pupil-to-light reflex and corneal reflex exist, and there are reflexes such as chewing and swallowing, and all these brainstem reflexes disappear in brain death.