Coma is the complete loss of consciousness and cannot be awakened by the application of stimuli. There are shallow coma and deep coma. In shallow coma, there is a response to strong stimuli such as orbital pressure response, shallow reflexes exist, gag reflex, cough reflex, pupil-to-light reflex and corneal reflex are weakened. In deep coma, there is no response to various stimuli and all kinds of shallow reflexes disappear. The reason: any factor that causes ischemia and hypoxia in brain tissue can cause coma, such as: brain surgery, cranial tumor, encephalitis, poisoning, asphyxia, severe trauma and major diseases. Health education (1) Every morning and evening and after meals, clean the mouth of the child with salt water; diet management: the patient should be given high-calorie, digestible fluid food; those who cannot swallow should be given nasal feeding, nasal food can be milk, rice soup, vegetable soup, broth and juice water, etc., or ask the dietitian’s meal preparation; or blend milk, eggs, starch, vegetable juice, etc. together to make a thin porridge-like mixed milk and then nasal feeding, and the patient can be given some bananas and honey and fiber to eat every day Some bananas and honey and food containing more fiber can be given to the patient every morning and evening to massage the abdomen to prevent constipation (2) keep the respiratory tract open and prevent colds. Comatose children have low body resistance, so pay attention to keep warm to prevent cold and flu. No matter what kind of position the child is in, the face should be turned to the side to facilitate the drainage of respiratory secretions. Every time you turn over and change position, lightly fasten the back, or follow medical advice to pat the back with nebulizer and aspirate sputum to prevent the occurrence of aspiration or pneumonia, teach parents how to pat the back, from light to heavy, from bottom to top, from the outside to the inside, open the windows frequently for ventilation, and disinfect the air of the ward with a triple oxygen machine for 2 hours every week. (3) Maintain a good functional position to prevent local limb pressure and prevent decubitus ulcers. In the supine position, the head of the bed should be raised by 10°～20°, and the lower limbs should be placed with a low and flat long soft pillow from the hip to the calf, and a small soft pillow should be placed at the fossa, or the middle of the bed should be shaken by 20°～30°, so that the legs are slightly bent, and a hard pillow should be placed between the low foot and the end of the bed to prevent the foot from sagging, keep the hip flexed, knee flexed, and ankle dorsiflexed by 90°, and a hard pillow should be sandwiched between the feet to prevent the calf from When lying on the side, the hand can be placed on the chest or body, the limb is flexed, and a soft pillow is placed between the two lower limbs to prevent local pressure and affect blood circulation; change wet sheets, bedding and clothes in a timely manner; teach parents how to turn over, and instruct them to scrub the whole body of the child with warm water every day, soak the limbs with warm water to promote blood circulation, enhance skin excretion, prevent skin infection and complications such as decubitus ulcers. Parents should be instructed to put on the orthopedic limb correctly, check the skin integrity, and rub the bone ridge and limb compression with 75% alcohol on the thumb, from light to heavy, from outside to inside, 3-5 times/day. (4) Prevent urinary tract infection If the child can urinate on his own, wear diapers, change diapers regularly, wash the perineum with warm water after changing, rub buttock cream, and change wet clothes, bed sheets and bedding in time. (5) Prevention of bed fall Restless children should be guarded by parents and bed blocks should be installed, and protective belts should be used when necessary to prevent bed falls and injuries. (6) Prevention of conjunctiva and keratitis For those who cannot close their eyes, apply antibiotic eye ointment and cover with wet gauze to prevent the occurrence of conjunctiva and keratitis. (7) Psychological care music stimulation: use cell phones, computers, Mp4 and other electronic devices placed next to the patient’s pillow, play the child’s favorite music, animation, etc., 3 times a day, 2h each time; talk and tell stories: try to let the child familiar with people to talk to them, talk about the child’s most familiar characters, things; encourage the family not to give up, not to abandon, comfort the family to build confidence. The main problems of coma patients: there are nasal feeding, urinary catheter, many respiratory secretions, poor nutrition, poor physical condition, easy infection, poor sensation, long-term bed rest, etc., which need general care. The children are treated mainly with rehabilitation therapy, supplemented by intravenous neurotropic medication. There are many rehabilitation treatment items, such as hyperbaric oxygen, electrotherapy, acupuncture, hydrotherapy and medication, and the time spent in the ward is small. Therefore, parents should be taught more home rehabilitation methods, such as flexion and extension of large and small joints, internal rotation and abduction of arm and hip joints, etc. Passive activities should not be too large, but should be gradual and gentle to avoid excessive stretching.