Chronic viral hepatitis B is one of the major infectious diseases in China and even in the Asia-Pacific region, seriously jeopardizing people’s health. With the increasing development of medical science and the continuous efforts of experts in the field of liver disease, it has evolved from the original relatively simple symptomatic treatment of liver protection to the currently recognized comprehensive treatment based on antiviral. This is a great progress in the principle of treatment. In addition, in the choice of therapeutic drugs, from the 1980s when interferon was the mainstay of treatment, to the late 1990s when the listing of nucleoside analogs represented by Herceptin (lamivudine) was followed by the development and listing of new drugs (including adefovir, tebivudine, entecavir, tenofovir), which undoubtedly provide new means of treatment of hepatitis B. The development and listing of new drugs has been a major advancement in the field of hepatitis B treatment. However, how to choose the best time for treatment, how to choose the appropriate therapeutic drugs, and whether the treatment of hepatitis B has been able to get completely eradicated? In addition, some patients blindly believe in certain advertisements that lack scientific basis, and spend a lot of money, but the result is not due to the therapeutic effect, or not at all should be treated at the right time, and some in the treatment of the disease recurrence or even aggravation. Now on the chronic hepatitis B why is more difficult to treat, how to objectively and scientifically face chronic hepatitis B this problem to explore. This involves three factors, the first is the virus itself. The invasion of hepatitis B virus into liver cells is a non-invasive process. Each liver cell contains a relative amount of the hepatitis B virus, and it exists in a fairly stable form for a long period of time. It is only when the body’s immune system removes the virus from the infected liver cells that it simultaneously damages the liver cells, which in severe cases can cause severe hepatitis. The fact that all current drugs do not have a direct inhibitory or cleansing effect on this stable viral structure present in the hepatocytes is one of the main factors contributing to the incomplete clearance of Hepatitis B virus in antiviral therapy. In addition, there are eight genotypes of hepatitis B virus discovered until now. Its distribution has a certain geographic and regional nature. Those distributed in our country are mainly B and C types. It is less effective to interferon treatment and type C is prone to develop into cirrhosis. The genotype of hepatitis B virus is prone to mutation under natural conditions and antiviral treatment. This is an instinct of the virus to adapt to its living environment and to escape from the attack of drugs to survive for a long time. This mutation creates limitations in the action of existing drugs and necessitates the development of new drugs. The second aspect is the organic factor of being infected by hepatitis B virus. Generally speaking, adult infected patients, most (about 95%) of the patients can through the body’s immune system to completely eliminate the virus without chronicity, that is, to achieve cure. However, in cases of vertical transmission, i.e., when a mother or father infected with the hepatitis B virus transmits the virus to their children, about 90% of the infected patients will become chronically infected. Hepatitis B virus is infected in the fetus or during the developmental period of birth. The body does not easily clear the virus, and it tends to become chronic and remains a carrier for a long period of time. During this period of time, there is often very active virus replication (reproduction), which can be manifested as a very high level in blood tests. However, at this time there is no damage to the liver cells or only very slight damage that does not cause changes in liver function and does not attract the attention of the infected person. We call this “immune tolerance”, which means that the virus does not cause liver cell destruction, and the body’s immune system is not capable of clearing the virus. This is not the best time for treatment. This is not the best time for treatment because the virus cannot be effectively suppressed by antiviral therapy. Existing drugs can not change this state. Therefore, experts believe that in this period of time do not treat. However, it is important to follow up regularly under the guidance of a specialist, including liver function, viral markers and imaging tests, to capture the right time for treatment. In addition, once the body’s immune system begins to attack the hepatitis B virus and clear it, it will cause the liver cells to produce a certain inflammatory response, which can be manifested as abnormal liver function, elevated transaminases and jaundice. If the removal of the virus is moderate, the virus will be suppressed and the liver function will gradually recover and enter the recovery or stabilization period. If the inflammatory reaction of the liver cells is excessive, it may cause a large number of necrosis of the liver cells, which will be manifested as an aggravation of the disease. Therefore, the same hepatitis B virus infection will have different manifestations and is so complex that it cannot be generalized and must be treated according to the disease. The last aspect is that the drugs currently developed are very limited. Although there is a wide range of drugs available for the treatment of liver diseases, there is still a problem of how to rationally utilize the limited medical resources. Blindly thinking that the more drugs the better, the newer the better, or that the use of a certain drug can permanently control the disease and prevent relapse, these are one-sided views. Therefore, how to face hepatitis B virus infection scientifically is very important. 2005 December, China’s most academic authority of the Chinese Medical Association Infectious Diseases Branch and the Society of Hepatology jointly formulated China’s “Chronic Hepatitis B Prevention and Control Guidelines,” in 2010 December and updated. It clearly states the overall goal of the current treatment of viral hepatitis B: to maximize long-term suppression or elimination of hepatitis B virus, reduce hepatocyte inflammation and necrosis and hepatic fibrosis, delay and stop disease progression, reduce and prevent the occurrence of hepatic decompensation, cirrhosis, primary hepatocellular carcinoma, and their complications, so as to improve the quality of life and prolong the survival time.