Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the spine and its accessory tissues, often involving the eye, lung, cardiovascular, kidney and other organs. The prevalence of AS is about 3 per 1,000 in China, and it is more common in young and middle-aged men. Symptoms often begin with pain in the knee, hip, and sacroiliac joints, and gradually spread to the occipital bone and heel. The disease is aggravated by cold, exertion, infection, trauma, poor diet, and exposure to radioactive substances. Due to repeated pain, the spine may not be able to flex and extend or turn sideways, and in severe cases, the deformity may lead to disability. Chinese medicine believes that the disease is related to the brain, kidneys and the Governor’s Vessel. The spine is in the Governor’s Vessel, which starts in the cell, travels in the spine, goes up to the brain, and is connected to the kidneys, and meets with the six Yang meridians, which command all the Yang energy. The location of ankylosing spondylitis is at the point of attachment of the tendons and periosteum, involving the tendons and bones. The kidney is the master of bone, the liver is the master of tendons, and the disease of tendons and bones is a disease of the liver and kidneys. The kidney is the master of essence and the liver is the master of blood. The liver and kidney are homologous, and the essence and blood complement each other. The pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis is mainly due to the weakening of the kidney and the Yang energy of the Governor’s vein, which cannot warm the lumbar spine, and the deficiency of the essence and blood of the liver and kidney, which cannot moisten the tendons and bones, and the wind, cold and dampness of the evil attacking the lumbar region. The modern pathological mechanism is mainly due to the decrease of B-endorphin content, immune and endocrine dysfunction, causing spinal stiffness, pain, inability to flex and extend and turn laterally, and functional limitation. Moxibustion is an innovation of traditional Chinese medicine external treatment method by applying moxibustion with ginger and moxibustion powder on the spine of the Governor’s Vessel from the Great Vertebrae point to the Lumbar Yu point, followed by foaming. It is based on the theory of meridian theory of the circulation of the Governor’s Vessel, combined with the characteristics of traditional moxibustion, the accumulation of acupuncture experts, especially the clinical experience of the “divine moxibustion meridian theory”, created a special treatment of ankylosing spondylitis and spinal-related diseases moxibustion therapy. By applying moxibustion on the spinal section of the Governor’s Vessel, it can warm the kidneys and strengthen the yang, move the qi and break the silt, remove the toxins and disperse the knots, dispel the cold and dampness, and relieve the pain. Modern medical research proves that this method can stimulate the body’s ability to recognize and resist diseases, mobilize its own internal factors to eliminate inflammatory reactions, improve the permeability of blood vessels, and increase the content of endorphins. It has the characteristics of long treatment time, long-lasting effect, reliable curative effect, and safe without side effects. The treatment only needs 1-2 times per month, and usually 2-3 times to achieve significant pain relief, compared with drug treatment has the advantage of less treatment times and obvious efficacy. The treatment of ankylosing spondylitis with moxibustion therapy generally does not require oral medication, but only requires contraindication and appropriate functional exercise, and can also be intermittently combined with systemic drug therapy as a complementary treatment.