In 1984, based on the experience of surgical injection of bone cement, French scholars Galibert et al. first used percutaneous vertebroplasty to treat cervical spinal cavernous hemangioma to achieve good analgesic effects, and first reported this technique in 1987, and further proposed in 1990 that this technique could be used for the treatment of myeloma, metastases, osteoporotic fractures, etc. Thus, the PVP technique has been widely used, especially in North America, and its value is generally recognized. In recent years, with the deepening of the understanding of the treatment mechanism, clinical efficacy and complications of PVP and the upgrading of interventional equipment, PVP technology has also been improved and developed, in which Garfin et al. first proposed the concept of vertebral body kyphoplasty, and after in vitro experiments and clinical observation, good therapeutic results were achieved. Meanwhile, related techniques developed from PVP, including percutaneous transfemoral injection of PMNA and percutaneous transiliac injection of PMNA for the treatment of bone metastases, have also achieved good results. In this paper, we present the basic concept, treatment mechanism, indications, contraindications, operation techniques, clinical efficacy and complications of PVP in order to improve the understanding of this technique.