Cholecystectomy, the total removal of the gallbladder, is one of the main methods of treating gallbladder stones and is currently one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in abdominal surgery, with millions of patients worldwide undergoing this procedure each year. Advances in medical science and improvements in surgeons’ surgical skills have greatly improved the safety of the procedure, and satisfactory results are generally achieved after surgery. Patients with the following conditions need to have cholecystectomy: (1) acute cholecystitis with severe symptoms, no improvement with medication, patient with abdominal pain; fever and chills, significant pressure pain and abdominal muscle tension in the right upper abdomen on abdominal examination, gallbladder gradually increasing in size, and significantly elevated white blood cells in blood tests, then timely cholecystectomy should be performed. (2) In recurrent chronic cholecystitis, there is significant thickening of the gallbladder wall and the concentrated function of the gallbladder is significantly reduced, thus causing long-term indigestion symptoms or affecting daily life and workers due to recurrent attacks. (3) Patients with symptomatic gallbladder stones. (4) The gallbladder duct has become obstructed, causing hydrocele or pus accumulation in the gallbladder. (5) Gallbladder polyps larger than 5 mm with a tendency to increase in size. (6) Gallbladder rupture and perforation due to trauma. (7) Malignant tumor of gallbladder. Although cholecystectomy is one of the safest surgeries, it should not be decided easily for those patients who are old and frail and have combined more serious internal diseases such as heart, liver and kidney and are estimated to be unable to tolerate cholecystectomy. For some patients with chronic cholecystitis without gallbladder stones and with mild symptoms, as well as for patients with chronic hepatitis with some “gallbladder disease” symptoms, cholecystectomy is also generally not recommended.