Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic, progressive, arthropathy with mesial joint involvement, primarily affecting the sacroiliac joints, spinal joints and paravertebral tissues of the pelvis. It mainly affects young men between the ages of 20 and 30, and is rare over the age of 40. Women have only one-tenth of the disease in men, and the disease is mild. The cause of ankylosing spondylitis is unknown, but there is a close relationship with genetic factors. The rate of HLA-B27 positivity in genes is as high as 90% in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, compared with only about 5% in the general population. Certain site-specific infections, such as prostatitis and ulcerative colitis, may be associated with the onset of the disease. The disease has a relatively insidious onset and progresses slowly. Early symptoms are often a feeling of stiffness or stiffness and pain in the lower back, especially after turning over at night, getting up, or sitting or standing for a long time, and the stiffness and pain can improve after activity. In addition to the lumbosacral joints, the disease can involve the thoracic and cervical spine, manifesting as varying degrees of stiffness and pain. Some of the peripheral large joints, such as the shoulder, knee and hip joints, and a few small joints of the foot and hand are involved, but peripheral arthritis is mostly oligoarticular and asymmetric in onset. In addition to joint symptoms, it may be accompanied by hypothermia, weakness, loss of appetite, wasting, anemia and other symptoms. Some patients have muscle pain and numbness in the lower extremities below the knee due to peripheral neuropathy of the lower extremities. About a quarter of patients have ocular iridocyclitis with ocular pain, photophobia and tearing. More severe cases are associated with cardiac aortic valve lesions and pulmonary fibrosis. As the disease progresses, the patient’s lumbar, thoracic, and cervical spine lesions can gradually worsen, and some patients develop anterior cervical flexion, flattening of the thoracic spine, and hip flexion deformity, thereby severely affecting the patient’s mobility. Laboratory tests may reveal a significant increase in immunoglobulins and blood sedimentation, and a positive HLA-B27 locus indicates a high-risk group. x-rays are diagnostic, with characteristic sacroiliac joint changes and “bamboo-like” changes in the spine. Aggressive treatment can reduce joint symptoms, preserve joint function, and minimize the occurrence of deformities. Non-steroidal analgesics such as anti-inflammatory pain, meloxicam tablets and diclofenac capsules have good effects. Lyuzosulfapyridine is effective in improving low back stiffness and sacroiliac joint lesions. Severe peripheral joint lesions can also be treated with aminoglutethimide. When hip lesions are severe, resulting in bony ankylosis and paralysis, early hip arthroplasty should be performed to restore function. Ankylosing spondylitis requires long-term treatment, even lifelong treatment, and patients should have a correct understanding of their disease and actively cooperate with their doctors. Physical therapy rehabilitation is very important for this disease. Proper walking and sleeping positions, lumbar and abdominal exercises can maintain the flexibility of the joints, and breathing exercises and aerobic exercises of swimming help maintain good lung function. Some patients are not effective after treatment and develop joint stiffness, but if they can be maintained in a functional position, some joint function can be retained to the maximum.