In China, the incidence of prostate cancer is increasing rapidly year by year, and it has become the most prevalent malignant tumor in urology, ranking 6th in the incidence of malignant tumors in men. Currently, prostate puncture biopsy is the most important standard tool to confirm the diagnosis of prostate cancer. What are the clinical characteristics of patients who undergo prostate puncture biopsy in China? Data from the “Chinese Prostate Puncture Patient Clinical Characteristics Study” found that patients who underwent prostate puncture biopsy in China were older, had higher PSA, and had higher Gleason scores for prostate cancer than in developed countries such as Europe and the United States. The detection rate of prostate cancer with the same PSA value was also significantly lower in the Chinese population than in the European and American populations. In the “Clinical Characteristics of Chinese Prostate Puncture Patients Study,” 17,296 patients who underwent prostate puncture biopsy from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013 at 22 hospitals in China were retrospectively collected, and after excluding factors affecting PSA detection, data from a total of 13,904 patients were included (including age, PSA, number of puncture needles, and Gleason score at diagnosis). Gleason score at diagnosis, etc.) were analyzed. The median age of patients with prostate cancer diagnosed by prostate puncture biopsy was 72 years, while the median age of those with negative puncture results was 68 years. 3. PSA was higher in Chinese patients with prostate puncture: the median PSA of patients with prostate cancer diagnosed by prostate puncture biopsy was 26,1 ng/ml (interquartile range 11,5-88,0), while the median PSA of those with negative puncture results was 10,4 ng/ml (interquartile range 6,8-16,9); these values were higher than those in Europe and the United States. 4. The Gleason score of Chinese patients diagnosed with prostate cancer was higher: in China, only 21% of patients had a Gleason score <7, whereas in the screening and clinical cohorts in Europe and the United States, 70% and 49% of patients had a Gleason score <7, respectively 5. The detection rate of prostate cancer with the same PSA value was lower in the Chinese population: for example, at PSA=4ng/ml, this For example, the detection rate of prostate cancer in the Chinese population was 21% at PSA=4ng/ml, 30% at PSA=10ng/ml, and 42% at PSA=20ng/ml, all of which were correspondingly lower than the data from Europe and the United States. In this Chinese population, the positive rate of prostate puncture biopsy was 25.5% when PSA was 4-10 ng/ml and 34.9% when PSA was 10-20 ng/ml. 6. The ratio of fPSA/total PSA was more significant in predicting positive prostate puncture biopsy when PSA was 4-10 ng/ml in the Chinese population aged over 60 years. The significance was greater. Although with the advancement of public awareness of prostate cancer and with the advancement of medical diagnostic techniques, more and more early prostate cancers have been detected in a timely manner in recent years; however, it can be seen from these data above that there is still a large proportion of high-risk prostate cancers (PSA >20ng/ml, Gleason score >7) that are not diagnosed and treated early. As an important marker for early diagnosis of prostate cancer, the Chinese expert consensus suggests that PSA examination should be routinely performed in men over 50 years of age with lower urinary tract symptoms (urinary frequency, urgency, increased nocturia, difficulty in urination, etc.), and for men with a family history of prostate cancer, regular PSA examination should be started at the age of 45.