Traditional surgical methods for hepatobiliary stones have a postoperative incidence of residual stones as high as 30%-90% and are very blind and limited, which can cause complications such as bile duct injury, biliary bleeding, sphincter of Oddi and duodenal injury. Intraoperative and postoperative use of choledochoscopy is of great value to improve the efficacy of hepatobiliary stones and can result in a significant decrease in the residual stone rate of bile duct stones. Intraoperative choledochoscopic stone extraction not only visualizes the lesions of the bile ducts, but also provides guidance for the selection of the surgical procedure for intrahepatic bile duct stones. The value of intraoperative choledochoscopy is that the whole picture of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts can be observed, stones can be retrieved under direct vision of the choledochoscope, and for larger embedded stones, plasma noninvasive lithotripsy can be used. The use of choledochoscopic techniques can improve the results of surgical procedures such as extrahepatic bile duct incision and extraction, drainage and bile-intestinal anastomosis, which are still commonly used.