Chalazion, also known as a chalazion cyst, is a chronic inflammatory granuloma of the lid gland caused by obstruction of the outlet of the lid gland and retention of secretions. It can occur in both children and adults, but is more common in children. The normal eyelids contain a large number of lid glands arranged perpendicular to the lid margin, which are separate metaplastic sebaceous glands, each with a central duct that opens at the posterior lip of the lid margin. There are approximately 25-30 in the upper lid and 20 in the lower lid. When normal, the secretions of the lid glands, rich in fatty acids and cholesterol, lubricate the lid margin and prevent tears from flowing out of the conjunctival sac; they keep the eyelids tightly closed during sleep, preventing tears from evaporating and spilling out and drying the cornea and conjunctiva. If the ducts become obstructed, lid gland secretions are retained, fatty acids break down, and localized stimulation of granulation forms, which is known as chalazion. The disease has a slow course, with palpable hard nodules on the surface skin of the eyelid, ranging in size from large cherries to small grains of rice or mung beans, with no adhesion to the skin, no pressure pain, and a purplish or gray-red elevation on the conjunctival surface of the corresponding lid. They occur mostly on the upper lid, but can also occur concurrently on the upper and lower lids, either singly or simultaneously or sequentially. Some pediatric chalazia may be detected only under general anesthesia. The nodules usually remain unchanged for a long time, but may occasionally rupture on their own and form granulation tissue on the conjunctival surface after discharge of the gel-like contents. The disease is mostly seen in children and adolescents, without great pain, does not affect vision, and has a good prognosis. In small cysts, there are no conscious symptoms, but in larger cysts, there can be heavy discomfort; there are hard nodules under the lid skin, no adhesion to the skin, no pressure pain, slow course, the conjunctival surface of the corresponding lid is purple-red or purple-blue, gray-white over time, the nodules can remain unchanged for years or slowly swell (cysts can break through from the conjunctival surface to reveal granulation tissue); in secondary infections, the performance resembles internal wheals, which can form inflammatory granules. There are two types of chalazion, one is the conjunctival surface type, which presents with a dark red conjunctival surface. The hard nodules do not progress toward the skin surface of the eyelid. This child can be operated on through the conjunctival surface of the eyelid, in which a small incision is made on the conjunctival surface and the necrotic and degenerative tissue in the chalazion cavity is simply scraped out. No scarring is left on the eyelid after surgery. There is another type of chalazion that is skin-faceted. In this child, the chalazion granuloma progresses to the skin surface of the eyelid and the swelling gradually increases in size. A large amount of hemorrhagic necrotic tissue can be present in the cystic cavity of the swelling. This type of chalazion is complex and if not treated aggressively, the cyst eventually ruptures, leaving a large irregular scar tissue on the skin surface and a severe eyelid skin surface defect that can cause ectropion of the eyelid. In these cases, the chalazion that has formed a granuloma after prolonged irritation requires surgical excision and eyelid skin reshaping. For small chalazia with healthy skin surface in early stages, hot compresses or physiotherapy and massage therapy (control the temperature and time) can be used to promote dissipation and absorption. Chinese medicine mostly from phlegm and dampness, phlegm and heat block the conclusion of the treatment prescription, but the course of treatment is relatively long, slow, less effective, the patient relatively difficult to adhere to. Surgery is optional for those with obvious symptoms and combined with antibiotic treatment for those with secondary infection. In contrast to adults, chalazion is a common outpatient ophthalmologic disease in children. If conservative treatment is ineffective, children with chalazion should be operated as early as possible. Early conjunctival surface swelling is easy to be accepted because the incision is on the conjunctival surface and small chalazia does not require treatment of the capsule wall, which is scarless, safe, and unobtrusive after surgery. Some children are prone to recurrence, and other areas are prone to growth. A light diet and prevention of conjunctivitis are positive and easy measures. Usually, children should eat more vegetables and fruits, eat roughage appropriately, drink more water, keep bowel movement smooth and eat less greasy food. For cooperative children you can also do frequent massage of the eyelids (lids) to keep the glandular ducts open and prevent chalazion.