HBeAg seroconversion refers to the disappearance or conversion of serum HBeAg to negative and the appearance or conversion of anti-HBe to positive. For most patients, HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B is an important indicator of disease stabilization: (1) HBeAg seroconversion predicts that the body has achieved effective control of rapid hepatitis B virus replication and antigen expression; (2) HBeAg seroconversion predicts that liver tissue inflammatory activity and fibrosis progression tend to stop and gradually reduce and regress; (3) HBeAg seroconversion predicts a reduced chance of hepatic decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma and its complications in chronic hepatitis. Therefore, the occurrence of HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B is an important indication for indirect and direct antiviral drug cessation. However, in a small number of patients, HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B does not predict disease stabilization: (1) HBeAg seroconversion may be a result of mutation of a hepatitis B virus that does not produce HBeAg; (2) HBeAg seroconversion may be a result of mutation of a hepatitis B virus that produces less HBeAg; (3) HBeAg seroconversion may be a result of (3) HBeAg seroconversion may be a result of long-term, sustained adequate suppression of the hepatitis B virus. Therefore, after achieving HBeAg seroconversion with indirect and direct antiviral therapy, there is a possibility of hepatitis relapse and HBeAg seroconversion when treatment is stopped.