I. Overview of colonic polyps Any superfluous organisms originating from the colonic epithelium and raised in the mucosa towards the intestinal lumen, whether with or without a tip, before they are histologically confirmed, are collectively referred to as colonic polyps. The nature of the pathology must be clarified by pathological examination. Colon polyps are generally classified into two categories according to their nature: neoplastic and non-neoplastic. Most of the polyps commonly referred to are non-neoplastic polyps, i.e. benign colon tumors. In contrast, tumor polyp is collectively referred to as adenoma. Second, the pathogenesis of colon polyps The pathogenesis of colon polyps, although it is still not very clear, it is believed that due to the influence of various pathogenic factors, such as genetic factors, environmental factors, especially dietary factors, etc., so that the crypt cell growth dysregulation, in a highly proliferative state, with the cell proliferation, accumulation, crypt hyperplasia area expansion, upward, and gradually protrude into the intestinal lumen, forming polyps. Among them, adenomatous polyps have the characteristics of atypical hyperplasia, which are closely related to colon cancer and are called precancerous lesions. Third, the clinical manifestations of colon polyps Colon polyps are generally asymptomatic in the case of small size. With the increase of the size of colon polyps, obvious symptoms and complications may appear. The main clinical manifestations are blood in the stool, change in stool habits, masses coming out of the anus or falling off with the stool, abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, etc. Common complications include colonic mucosal ulcers, colonic overlap or intestinal obstruction, etc. Fourth, the examination methods of colon polyps For patients suspected of colon polyps, first of all, stool routine and occult blood examination should be done, routine anorectal examination. Electronic colonoscopy and barium enema, air-barium double imaging on the diagnosis of colon polyps has important significance. (A) The performance of colon polyps under e-colonoscopy Only one polyp is called a solitary polyp; multiple polyps are called multiple polyps; the number of more than l00 polyps is called polyposis. Adenomatous polyps are mostly pale red with congestion and erosion; hyperplastic polyps are mostly pale white; inflammatory polyps are mostly congested. It is generally believed that the cancer rate of small polyps and tipped polyps is low, and the cancer rate of broad-based polyps is relatively high; the cancer rate of broad-based and large polyps is high, and if there are ulcers on the head of polyps again, almost l00% have cancer. (B) colon polyps under X-ray X ray examination can distinguish the number, distribution, size and morphology of polyps, and roughly determine whether the polyps have the possibility of cancer. Usually, double contrast imaging is used for the X-ray examination of patients suspected of having colon polyps. Under double contrast imaging, polyps appear as low-density filling defects, and the surface contour, number, size, and the presence or absence and length of polyps can be seen. In general, polyps with diameter less than 1 cm, smooth surface or uniform granular shape, and tip longer than 2 cm are mostly benign. If there is no tip, uneven surface, or the width of the base is greater than the height and local luminal wall depression, or polyp diameter is greater than 2cm, or polyp surface contour is unclear and higher density characteristics, it suggests the possibility of cancer. E. Classification and characteristics of colonic polyps The classification of colonic polyps currently tends to first distinguish adenomatous and non-neoplastic polyps according to the relationship with cancer, and then divided into four categories based on histological classification, namely, neoplastic, malformed, inflammatory and hyperplastic. Among them, adenomas include tubular adenomas, villous adenomas and tubular villous (also known as mixed) adenomas; adenomatosis includes familial multiple polyps, Gadner syndrome and Turcot syndrome; malignant polyps include Peutz-Jeghers polyps and their syndromes; inflammatory includes inflammatory polyps and pseudopolyposis, schistosomal The inflammatory polyps include inflammatory polyps and pseudopolyposis, schistosomiasis and inflammatory fibroplastic polyps; proliferative polyps include hyperplastic polyps and mucosal hypertrophic redundancies; juvenile polyps include juvenile polyps and polyposis, Cronkhite-Canada syndrome. Sixth, the treatment of colon polyps The principle of treatment of colon polyps is to remove the polyps found. The traditional treatment method is that if the colon polyp is located in the middle or lower rectum, resection or ligation can be performed through the naval portal; while the colon polyp must be removed through the abdomen by polypectomy or segmental resection of the intestinal wall. The popular method is the removal of colon polyps under electronic colonoscopy, such as high-frequency electrocoagulation trap removal method, high-frequency electrocoagulation cauterization method, high-frequency electrocoagulation hot biopsy clamp method, biopsy clamp removal method, laser vaporization method, microwave transthermal method, dense connection removal method, etc. The method of resection under electronic colonoscopy combined with surgery can also be used.