Colon polyps are a collective term for bulging bulges on the mucosal surface of the colon, both tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic. They are commonly referred to as colonic polyps. They occur mostly in the sigmoid colon and rectum, and can occur singly or in multiples. The incidence increases with age. They are most commonly seen in adults over 40 years of age. Most of the cases have no noticeable symptoms and are only discovered incidentally during intestinal X-ray, colonoscopy or autopsy for other diseases. Some patients may have clinical manifestations such as blood in the stool, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Most of the polyps are benign and have a good prognosis after surgical resection or endoscopic high-frequency electrodesection, but it should be noted that they can still recur. Some polyps can be malignant, and endoscopic polypectomy or local intestinal segment resection should be done early. Common colonic polyps include hyperplastic polyps, inflammatory polyps, juvenile polyps and adenomas. They are also seen in familial polyposis and Peutz-Jegher syndrome. 1.Proliferative polyps: more common, occurring for unknown reasons, mostly appearing after middle age. They appear as mound-like or semicircular elevations on the mucosal surface, with a diameter of about 0.5 cm, often multiple. Pathological histology shows mucosal hypertrophic hyperplasia. It is not cancerous and does not require treatment. 2, inflammatory polyps: also known as pseudopolyps. For the ulcer of the colonic mucosa in the healing process of fibrous tissue hyperplasia and ulcer submucosal edema, so that the normal mucosa gradually elevated. It is commonly found in inflammatory bowel disease, amoebic dysentery, intestinal tuberculosis and other intestinal diseases. The polyps are often irregular in shape and multiple in appearance. Clinically, it presents as blood in the stool or mucus in thin stool. Treatment is mainly to control the primary lesion and to do intestinal segment resection if necessary. It is difficult to conclude whether inflammatory polyps can become cancerous. However, the incidence of colorectal cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis far exceeds that of the normal population. 3. Juvenile polyps: mainly occur in children, mostly under 10 years old, and rare in adults. The polyps mainly occur in the rectum and the distal sigmoid colon, and are usually solitary; if they are multiple, they do not exceed 3~4. Most of them are less than 1cm in diameter. Most of them are less than 1 cm in diameter, and the pathology is histologically misshapen. The polyps may fall off on their own. Since polyps are brittle and vascular, blood in the stool or blood dripping after stool is the main clinical manifestation of this disease. Treatment can be done by endoscopic electrocautery or by waiting for the polyp to fall off on its own. Juvenile polyps will not become cancerous. Adenoma: Adenoma is the most common benign tumor in colon and rectum, which comes from intestinal epithelium and can be divided into 3 types, namely tubular adenoma, villous adenoma and villous tubular mixed adenoma. Among them, tubular adenomas are the most common. Adenomas are often called polypoid adenomas or adenomatous polyps. The age of onset is less common before 20 years of age and more common after 50 years of age, and the incidence increases with age. There is little difference in the incidence between men and women. The sigmoid colon and rectum are the preferred sites for adenomas, which can be multiple. The surface of tubular adenomas is linear or lobulated, mostly solitary, but multiple adenomas are not uncommon, mostly with a tip. The majority of villous adenomas are broad-based or have no obvious tissues, with a large spread area and a velvety or coarse villous surface, and are rarely multiple. Mixed villous tubular adenomas may have a tip or broad base with short, broad papillae on the surface. Colorectal adenomas are usually asymptomatic and more than half are unintentionally detected during colonoscopy or barium enema x-ray. Blood in the stool is the most common symptom. Long-term chronic small blood loss can lead to anemia and occasionally cause large amounts of blood in the stool. Larger adenomas located in the rectum may cause intestinal overturning and intestinal obstruction. Removal of adenoma is the fundamental measure of treatment, and electrocautery removal of colonic adenoma via colonoscopy is a safe and effective treatment method. For adenomas with a diameter of >4cm, a wide base adenoma with a wide tip or a diameter of >1.5cm, or adenomas with clear cancerous changes, surgical resection is appropriate. The clinical importance of colon and rectal adenomas lies in the issue of carcinoma. It is basically believed that adenomas are important precancerous lesions of colorectal cancer; the possibility of carcinoma for adenomas <1cm in diameter is small; the possibility of carcinoma increases with the increase of adenomas; adenomas with tissues rarely invade the tissues when carcinoma occurs. The likelihood of carcinoma in villous adenomas is higher, and the likelihood of carcinoma in tubular adenomas is closely related to the size of polyps.