In recent years, the incidence of colorectal cancer has been increasing year by year due to changes in people’s dietary habits and other lifestyles, and the age of its onset has also shown an obvious trend of youth. A large number of studies at home and abroad have shown that more than 80% of colorectal cancers are directly related to intestinal polyps. Although intestinal polyp is a benign disease, it has been recognized as an important precancerous lesion. Colorectal polyps are elevated lesions on the mucosal surface in the intestinal lumen and can be solitary or multiple. They are mostly found in the rectum and sigmoid colon. The incidence of colorectal polyps is common and frequent, and its incidence increases gradually with age, and also has a certain tendency of malignant change, the malignant rate is about 10%. Colon polyps is just a generic term, mainly divided into two kinds of tumor and non-tumor. Non-neoplastic polyps include misshapen polyps, inflammatory polyps, hyperplastic polyps, etc. Neoplastic polyps are adenomas. Adenomas can be divided into three types according to the pathological histological structure, namely tubular adenoma, villous adenoma and mixed adenoma. Adenomas are the most common in clinical practice, followed by hyperplastic polyps. Adenomatous polyps evolve over the years and some of them become cancerous. Clinical manifestations: Smaller polyps are usually asymptomatic, but when they develop into larger ones, symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, change in stool habits and properties, occult blood in stool, and fresh blood in stool may occur. Juvenile polyps tend to fall off naturally and appear to bleed in the stool, while larger polyps can cause intestinal overlap or exposure outside the anus. For healthy people, the most direct way to detect intestinal polyps is to observe the stool. The most common symptom of intestinal polyps is blood in the stool. Most bleeding occurs after a bowel movement, is bright red, and does not mix with stool. Sometimes there is a large amount of mucus in the stool or a line of depressions in the cylindrical stool mass. It is recommended that middle-aged and elderly people should observe the presence of blood in the stool every day, pay attention to the number of bowel movements, and once there is bleeding or changes in stool habits should not be explained by hemorrhoids, but should undergo a formal examination by a doctor to make a correct diagnosis. Colon polyps high-risk groups include family members with colon cancer or colon polyps; familial adenomatous polyposis; long-term living in polyp-prone areas; long-term intake of high-fat, high-animal protein, low-fiber diet; people older than 50 years old; people with liver cirrhosis, breast cancer, intestinal cancer, endometrial cancer, ureteral and renal pelvis cancer and other related diseases. Intestinal polyps and intestinal cancer are particularly closely related. For example, intestinal polyps and intestinal cancer are both highly prevalent in the United States, while intestinal polyps and intestinal cancer may be low in African countries, but after immigrants from African countries immigrate to European countries, the incidence of intestinal polyps in the next generation has a tendency to increase year by year. In terms of age distribution, the incidence of intestinal polyps is about 10 years earlier than intestinal cancer, and the incidence of intestinal polyps is 10-20 years earlier than intestinal cancer in patients with colonic polyposis, and this time gap is the process of polyps gradually becoming cancer. Usually, as age increases, the chance of polyps in the intestinal mucosa increases significantly, and the number of polyps also increases. About 50% of the elderly over 70 years old will develop intestinal polyps, while about 10% of polyps will become cancerous and finally evolve into colorectal cancer. Colonic adenomas are benign epithelial tumors of the large intestine. With the gradual increase in the size of adenomatous polyps, the cancer rate of colon polyps increases, with a total cancer rate of 10-20%. Broad-based polyps are more likely to become cancerous than tipped polyps; polyps growing in high places are more likely to become malignant than those in the rectum. From the pathological histological analysis, the cancer rate of tubular adenoma is low, accounting for 5%, the cancer rate of mixed adenoma is 20%, while the cancer rate of villous adenoma can be more than 50%. The carcinogenic potential of non-tipped polyps is significantly greater than that of tipped polyps, so once polyps are found, even small adenomas should be removed promptly. Prevention Clinical research shows that only 20% of intestinal polyps are related to genetic factors, and most of them are closely related to improper diet. The incidence of adenomas, which have the highest cancer rate among intestinal polyps, is related to dietary fat intake, especially when fat intake exceeds 40% of total calories, which can lead to an increase in liver synthesis of cholesterol and bile, thus leading to an increase in the content of both in the colonic lumen and feces, thus promoting the generation of adenomas. Therefore, to prevent intestinal polyps and reduce the occurrence of adenomas, it is important to have a healthy diet and lifestyle. It is generally recommended to have a low-fat, high-fiber diet and pay attention to vitamin and mineral supplementation, and to eat oats, wheat bran and wheat bran, which have a protective effect on the intestinal tract because they are fermented by bacteria to produce an anti-cancer acidic environment or anti-cancer substances such as butyric acid and short-chain fatty acids, which can effectively prevent adenoma carcinogenesis, and can also increase the amount of stool, reduce the concentration of carcinogenic substances and reduce the retention time of stool in the intestine. These foods can also increase the amount of stool, reduce the concentration of carcinogenic substances, reduce the retention time of stool in the intestine, and purify the intestinal environment to prevent intestinal polyps. Current research also shows that supplementing calcium, folic acid, phytic acid and protease inhibitor is also beneficial to prevent intestinal polyps, among which folic acid can protect intestinal mucosa against cancer, and eating the right amount of green leafy vegetables such as spinach every day can absorb enough folic acid. Soy products such as tofu and soy milk contain protease inhibitors and phytic acid, which can be consumed regularly. Treatment At present, there are more methods to treat colon polyps, and clinically, endoscopic minimally invasive resection is mostly used, so patients can avoid the pain of open surgery. Endoscopic polypectomy is less painful and less damaging to the body, and is especially suitable for the elderly and infants, so it is now widely available. The incidence of colorectal cancer is reduced by about 70% to 90% in patients treated by endoscopic resection. The endoscopist generally determines the treatment plan based on the size, shape, and nature and number of intestinal polyps. Usually, inflammatory polyps do not require special treatment, and a follow-up colonoscopy every 1 to 2 years is sufficient. Small adenomatous polyps can be removed directly by electrocoagulation under colonoscopy, while larger polyps can be removed by electrocoagulation after ligating the roots with metal titanium clips or nylon wires under colonoscopy. Some other multiple complex polyps still need to be removed by open surgery. In recent years, with the renewal of electronic endoscopy and the continuous improvement of endoscopic treatment accessories, the diagnosis and treatment level of intestinal polyps and early intestinal cancer in China has reached the international advanced level, and new international techniques such as titanium clip hemostasis, titanium clip positioning and nylon loop ligation, mucosal resection and argon knife coagulation have been skillfully applied to the clinical treatment of intestinal polyps, and these new techniques have enabled more than 95% of patients with intestinal polyps endoscopic resection. However, we still need to remind patients with intestinal polyps after endoscopic resection that they should take more liquid and semi-liquid diet for 10 days after surgery, avoid cold, spicy and hard food, avoid strenuous activities to prevent perforation and bleeding of the polyp removal stump, and inform the doctor promptly if abdominal pain and blood in stool occur. In addition, colonic polyps are prone to recurrence, so the removal of polyps does not mean that the cancer alarm is lifted, and patients still need to receive follow-up colonoscopy screening. Patients are advised to undergo follow-up colonoscopy from 3 months to 6 months after surgery as required by the doctor.