The number of sperm per milliliter of semen in men has dropped from 100 million to more than 20 million, and frequent abortions and late marriages and childbirth in women have also directly led to difficulties in pregnancy. The problem of infertility is becoming more and more prominent due to the delayed age of childbearing and the decline in fertility. The Chinese Population Association reported in late 2012 that the number of infertility cases in China has exceeded 40 million, accounting for 12.5% of the population of childbearing age, and has risen to about 15%; 30 years ago, this figure was only 3%. More and more couples of childbearing age are suffering from this problem. In medicine, fertility mainly includes female ovulation, male sexual intercourse and sperm discharge, fertilization, embryo implantation and pregnancy and delivery, which are related to both men and women. And in recent years, fertility has declined in both men and women. Poor lifestyle and mental state affect sperm quality Data show that the number of sperm contained in each milliliter of male semen has dropped from about 100 million to the current 20 to 40 million compared to three or four decades ago. Typically, men begin to experience a decline in fertility from about age 40, but most remain fertile after age 50. Age affects the overall fertility activity of men to a lesser degree, but may increase the risk of miscarriage in women. What is alarming is that poor lifestyle, mental stress, and other adverse factors seriously affect male sperm quality and sexual function. First of all, smoking, drinking, staying up late, computer radiation, etc., have a rapid and significant impact on male sperm quality. Preferring to wear tight-fitting clothes and pants can also lead to poor local blood flow and affect the sperm-producing function of the testicles. Secondly, the role of mental factors is becoming more and more prominent, such as continuous high tension or mental stress, will suppress male sexual desire and affect fertility. Again, pathological states in men can also cause infertility, such as congenital developmental abnormalities, sexual dysfunction, genetic factors, and some systemic diseases. Finally, there is growing evidence that environmental factors also influence male fertility and are associated with the overall state of male fertility. Decreased female fertility due to advanced childbirth and poor fertility behaviors The effect of age on female fertility is much more pronounced compared to that of men. As we age, there is a physiological decline in oocyte quality and ovarian function, and the chance of infertility increases. Studies have shown that women’s fertility is strongest between the ages of 20 and 30, and begins to decline after age 30, with women’s fertility decreasing by 25% between the ages of 35 and 39 and by 95% between the ages of 40 and 45. Women with reproductive defects over the age of 35 have a low pregnancy success rate, even with assisted reproductive technology. Poor fertility practices can also cause irreparable damage to fertility. It is critical to seek proper medical attention. The inability to have children can cause serious psychological and emotional trauma to a family, so formal examination and proper treatment are necessary for couples suspected of having fertility problems. Generally, couples who have been having regular sex for more than one year without pregnancy need to be examined. Earlier consultation with a specialist is especially important if a woman is ≥ 35 years old, has an established cause of infertility or has a history of high risk factors or medical conditions for infertility, and tests suggest that the chances of conception with observed treatment are minimal. These individuals are advised to visit a regular hospital with relevant experience and not to easily listen to advertisements on TV, internet or newspapers. The high pressure of social life will certainly have some impact on fertility, coupled with the general population’s lack of awareness of reproductive health and neglect of the potential impact of the environment on reproductive endocrine, by the time there is a fertility plan, fertility has already been irreversibly damaged. Therefore, to protect fertility, the first thing to do is to strengthen the body and develop good habits of life and work; people who need to be in frequent contact with toxic or radioactive substances need to do a good job of strict protection. Second, we must clean ourselves, develop good hygiene habits, and get the necessary vaccinations on time to prevent infectious diseases that endanger fertility. Although China has abolished premarital medical examination, but in the mind should pay attention to premarital medical examination, early detection of abnormalities, can avoid post-marital pain. Third, we should take correct contraceptive measures, avoid repeated abortions and choose the right time to have children.