In recent years, thyroid disorders have been increasing year by year, and most of them are female. Many patients need surgery, which brings adverse effects on patients’ life, work, social life and marriage. The thyroid gland is located in the anterior cervical region, on both sides of the trachea, and although conventional surgery can achieve good results, it causes more serious neck discomfort and cosmetic disfigurement for many patients, especially young female patients. But thankfully, the birth of lumpectomy thyroid surgery has brought a blessing to the majority of patients. The Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University has been exploring and carrying out endoscopic-assisted thyroid surgery on a large scale since 2005, which has significantly reduced the number of neck incisions. Since 2008, it has been the first single-port lumpectomy thyroid surgery via the areola at home and abroad, shifting the incision to the areola outside the neck and successfully removing the thyroid lesion through a single subcutaneous tunnel, and has successfully operated on nearly 100 patients without any postoperative scars on the neck and with extremely satisfactory cosmetic results. Transareolar single-port lumpectomy thyroid surgery overcomes the disadvantages of conventional lumpectomy thyroid surgery with a large subcutaneous separation area and many incisions in the chest and breast. It allows patients to cure the disease while also taking into account the cosmetic appearance of the neck. However, there are still a small number of patients who cannot accept the trauma of the long subcutaneous tunnel of this surgery. Patients are both cosmetic and afraid of the complications associated with the longer subcutaneous breast tunnel. Considering the actual needs of some patients, recently our chief surgeon Fan Youben, using his years of lumpectomy experience, actively thought and explored and, after animal experiments, was the first to develop a transmandibular route for thyroid surgery at home and abroad. A small incision of about 1.5-2 cm in length is made under the jaw, and a very short subcutaneous tunnel is utilized to perform this procedure through the lumpectomy technique. Intraoperative space exposure can be achieved using pneumatic or pulling hook traction. Since the surgical scar can be naturally covered by the “chin”, it is difficult to be noticed by outsiders after the surgery, which is most suitable for young and middle-aged women with thyroid nodules to avoid “disfigurement by disease”. At present, our surgical thyroid group has successfully carried out 5 cases without any significant complications or recurrence. Endoscopic thyroid surgery via the sub-chin route takes into account the three requirements of disease cure, trauma and cosmetic surgery.