The thyroid gland is an important endocrine organ in the body and is located under the anterior thyroid cartilage in the neck. Thyroid adenoma is only one type of thyroid disease, with an incidence of about 30%. They can be single or multiple, benign or malignant, with benign thyroid adenomas being the most common. Most patients with thyroid adenoma do not feel any obvious discomfort, but often touch the lump below the laryngeal node by chance during daily activities such as bathing or washing the face, or are first discovered by others. A significant number of patients are also discovered by their doctors during medical checkups. When a lump is found on the thyroid gland and is suspected to be a thyroid tumor by the doctor’s palpation, ultrasound examination is also done to clarify the size of the lump, which can determine the nature of the tumor to a certain extent. Generally speaking, those that grow very fast in a short period of time and have symptoms of pressure may be malignant. If the lump is hard to touch or if the surrounding lymph nodes are enlarged or adhered together, malignancy is highly suspected. Of course, the final diagnosis depends on cytocentesis, which has an accuracy rate of over 90%. Surgery is the preferred treatment for thyroid tumors, with regular post-operative review. If the tumor is small (less than 1 cm) and is benign by ultrasound, nuclear scan and cytology, it can be treated with medication and observation, and in a small percentage of patients, the tumor may disappear. If there is any change during the observation period, surgery should be performed immediately, because some benign tumors can become malignant even after being stimulated. Early detection of thyroid tumor and timely surgery is very effective, but in clinical practice, the treatment effect is often unsatisfactory. Firstly, because the symptoms are not obvious and not detected at an early stage, when the patient develops hoarseness or swallowing foreign body sensation, the tumor is already very large and it is bound to involve the vocal cords and esophagus to be removed, which directly affects the quality of life after surgery; secondly, a few patients think that the malignancy of thyroid tumor is low and there is no need to go under the knife as long as it is not a problem. However, among the surgically removed thyroid tumors, 20-25% of those diagnosed as benign tumors before surgery are malignant. Therefore, even if a benign tumor is diagnosed preoperatively, it should not be taken lightly.